Fahmi Yakop1, Siti Aisyah Abd Ghafar1, Yoke Keong Yong2, Latifah Saiful Yazan3, Rohazila Mohamad Hanafiah1, Vuanghao Lim4, Zolkapli Eshak5. 1. a Department of Basic Sciences and Oral Biology , Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia , Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia. 2. b Department of Anatomy , Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) , Serdang , Malaysia. 3. c Department of Biomedical Science , Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) , Serdang , Malaysia. 4. d Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute , Universiti Sains Malaysia , Kepala Batas , Penang , Malaysia. 5. e Department of Pharmacology and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Universiti Teknologi MARA , Selangor , Malaysia.
Abstract
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate apoptotic activity of silver nanoparticle Clinacanthus nutans (AgNps-CN) towards HSC-4 cell lines (oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines). METHODS: Methods involved were MTT assay (cytotoxic activity), morphological cells analysis, flow cytometry and cell cycle analysis and western blot. RESULTS: MTT assay revealed IC50 concentration was 1.61 µg/mL, 3T3-L1 cell lines were used to determine whether AgNps-CN is cytotoxic to normal cells. At the highest concentration (3 µg/mL), no cytotoxic activity has been observed. Flow cytometry assay revealed AgNps-CN caused apoptosis effects towards HSC-4 cell lines with significant changes were observed at G1 phase when compared with untreated cells. Morphological cells analysis revealed that most of the cells exhibit apoptosis characteristics rather than necrosis. Protein study revealed that ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 increased mainly due to down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression. CONCLUSION: AgNps-CN have shown potential in inhibiting HSC-4 cell lines. IC50 was low compared to few studies involving biosynthesized of silver nanoparticles. Apoptosis effects were shown towards HSC-4 cell lines by the increased in Bax/Bcl-2 protein ratio. Further study such as PCR or in vivo studies are required.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate apoptotic activity of silver nanoparticle Clinacanthus nutans (AgNps-CN) towards HSC-4 cell lines (oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines). METHODS: Methods involved were MTT assay (cytotoxic activity), morphological cells analysis, flow cytometry and cell cycle analysis and western blot. RESULTS:MTT assay revealed IC50 concentration was 1.61 µg/mL, 3T3-L1 cell lines were used to determine whether AgNps-CN is cytotoxic to normal cells. At the highest concentration (3 µg/mL), no cytotoxic activity has been observed. Flow cytometry assay revealed AgNps-CN caused apoptosis effects towards HSC-4 cell lines with significant changes were observed at G1 phase when compared with untreated cells. Morphological cells analysis revealed that most of the cells exhibit apoptosis characteristics rather than necrosis. Protein study revealed that ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 increased mainly due to down-regulation of Bcl-2 expression. CONCLUSION: AgNps-CN have shown potential in inhibiting HSC-4 cell lines. IC50 was low compared to few studies involving biosynthesized of silver nanoparticles. Apoptosis effects were shown towards HSC-4 cell lines by the increased in Bax/Bcl-2 protein ratio. Further study such as PCR or in vivo studies are required.
Entities:
Keywords:
Silver nanoparticle; flow cytometry; oral cancer
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