Andrew T Kunzmann1, Aaron P Thrift2, Chris R Cardwell3, Jesper Lagergren4, Shaohua Xie5, Brian T Johnston6, Lesley A Anderson3, John Busby7, Úna C McMenamin3, Andrew D Spence3, Helen G Coleman8. 1. Cancer Epidemiology and Health Services Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom. Electronic address: a.kunzmann@qub.ac.uk. 2. Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. 3. Cancer Epidemiology and Health Services Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom. 4. Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom. 5. Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden. 6. Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom. 7. Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom. 8. Cancer Epidemiology and Health Services Research Group, Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom; Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS: The prognosis for most patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is poor because they present with advanced disease. Models developed to identify patients at risk for EAC and increase early detection have been developed based on data from case-control studies. We analyzed data from a prospective study to identify factors available to clinicians that identify individuals with a high absolute risk of EAC. METHODS: We collected data from 355,034 individuals (all older than 50 years) without a prior history of cancer enrolled in the UK Biobank prospective cohort study from 2006 through 2010; clinical data were collected through September 2014. We identified demographic, lifestyle, and medical factors, measured at baseline, that associated with development of EAC within 5 years using logistic regression analysis. We used these data to create a model to identify individuals at risk for EAC. Model performance was assessed using area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC), sensitivity, and specificity analyses. RESULTS: Within up to 5 years of follow up, 220 individuals developed EAC. Age, sex, smoking, body mass index, and history of esophageal conditions or treatments identified individuals who developed EAC (AUROC, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.77-0.82). We used these factors to develop a scoring system and identified a point cut off that 104,723 individuals (29.5%), including 170 of the 220 cases with EAC, were above. The scoring system identified individuals who developed EAC with 77.4% sensitivity and 70.5% specificity. The 5-year risk of EAC was 0.16% for individuals with scores above the threshold and 0.02% for individuals with scores below the threshold. CONCLUSION: We combined data on several well-established risk factors that are available to clinicians to develop a system to identify individuals with a higher absolute risk of EAC within 5 years. Studies are needed to evaluate the utility of these factors in a multi-stage, triaged, screening program.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: The prognosis for most patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) is poor because they present with advanced disease. Models developed to identify patients at risk for EAC and increase early detection have been developed based on data from case-control studies. We analyzed data from a prospective study to identify factors available to clinicians that identify individuals with a high absolute risk of EAC. METHODS: We collected data from 355,034 individuals (all older than 50 years) without a prior history of cancer enrolled in the UK Biobank prospective cohort study from 2006 through 2010; clinical data were collected through September 2014. We identified demographic, lifestyle, and medical factors, measured at baseline, that associated with development of EAC within 5 years using logistic regression analysis. We used these data to create a model to identify individuals at risk for EAC. Model performance was assessed using area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC), sensitivity, and specificity analyses. RESULTS: Within up to 5 years of follow up, 220 individuals developed EAC. Age, sex, smoking, body mass index, and history of esophageal conditions or treatments identified individuals who developed EAC (AUROC, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.77-0.82). We used these factors to develop a scoring system and identified a point cut off that 104,723 individuals (29.5%), including 170 of the 220 cases with EAC, were above. The scoring system identified individuals who developed EAC with 77.4% sensitivity and 70.5% specificity. The 5-year risk of EAC was 0.16% for individuals with scores above the threshold and 0.02% for individuals with scores below the threshold. CONCLUSION: We combined data on several well-established risk factors that are available to clinicians to develop a system to identify individuals with a higher absolute risk of EAC within 5 years. Studies are needed to evaluate the utility of these factors in a multi-stage, triaged, screening program.
Authors: Avi Rosenfeld; David G Graham; Sarah Jevons; Jose Ariza; Daryl Hagan; Ash Wilson; Samuel J Lovat; Sarmed S Sami; Omer F Ahmad; Marco Novelli; Manuel Rodriguez Justo; Alison Winstanley; Eliyahu M Heifetz; Mordehy Ben-Zecharia; Uria Noiman; Rebecca C Fitzgerald; Peter Sasieni; Laurence B Lovat Journal: Lancet Digit Health Date: 2019-12-05
Authors: Joel H Rubenstein; Daniel McConnell; Akbar K Waljee; Valbona Metko; Kimberly Nofz; Maryam Khodadost; Li Jiang; Trivellore Raghunathan Journal: Gastroenterology Date: 2020-02-29 Impact factor: 22.682
Authors: Joel H Rubenstein; Richard R Evans; Jennifer A Burns; Maria E Arasim; Ji Zhu; Akbar K Waljee Journal: Gastroenterology Date: 2021-12-20 Impact factor: 22.682