John Lippmann1,2,3, David McD Taylor4,5, Christopher Stevenson2, Joanne W Williams2. 1. Divers Alert Network Asia-Pacific, Ashburton, Victoria, Australia. 2. School of Health and Social Development, Deakin University, Melbourne. 3. Divers Alert Network Asia Pacific, PO Box 384 Ashburton, VIC 3147, Australia johnl@danasiapacific.org. 4. Department of Emergency Medical Research, Austin Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria. 5. Department of Medicine, Melbourne University, Victoria.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to compare the results from three Australian scuba diver surveys. As the surveys differed in recruitment methods, the expectation was that respondents would differ in some important characteristics. METHODOLOGY: Anonymous, online, cross-sectional surveys of the demographics, health, diving practices and outcomes were distributed to: (1) Divers Alert Network Asia-Pacific (DAN AP) members; (2) Professional Association of Diving Instructors (PADI) Asia-Pacific members; and (3) divers who had received any PADI non-leadership certification within the previous four years. Only data from divers resident in Australia were analysed. RESULTS: A total of 2,275 responses were received from current Australian residents, comprising 1,119 of 4,235 (26.4%) DAN members; 350 of 2,600 (13.5%) PADI members; and 806 of 37,000 (2.2%) PADI divers. DAN and PADI members had similar diving careers (medians 14 and 15 years, respectively). PADI members had undertaken more dives (median 800) than DAN members (330) and PADI divers (28). A total of 692 respondents reported suffering from diabetes or a cardiovascular, respiratory, neurological or psychological condition and included 34% of the DAN members and 28% of each of the PADI cohorts. Eighty-four divers had been treated for decompression illness (approximately 5% of DAN and PADI member groups and 1% of the PADI divers). Eighty-seven of 1,156 (7.5%) PADI respondents reported a perceived life-threatening incident while diving. CONCLUSIONS: Despite low response rates, this study indicates clear differences in the characteristics of the divers in the three cohorts. Therefore, a survey of a single cohort may represent that diving population alone and the findings may be misleading. This bias needs to be clearly understood and any survey findings interpreted accordingly. Copyright: This article is the copyright of the authors who grant Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine a non-exclusive licence to publish the article in electronic and other forms.
INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to compare the results from three Australian scuba diver surveys. As the surveys differed in recruitment methods, the expectation was that respondents would differ in some important characteristics. METHODOLOGY: Anonymous, online, cross-sectional surveys of the demographics, health, diving practices and outcomes were distributed to: (1) Divers Alert Network Asia-Pacific (DAN AP) members; (2) Professional Association of Diving Instructors (PADI) Asia-Pacific members; and (3) divers who had received any PADI non-leadership certification within the previous four years. Only data from divers resident in Australia were analysed. RESULTS: A total of 2,275 responses were received from current Australian residents, comprising 1,119 of 4,235 (26.4%) DAN members; 350 of 2,600 (13.5%) PADI members; and 806 of 37,000 (2.2%) PADI divers. DAN and PADI members had similar diving careers (medians 14 and 15 years, respectively). PADI members had undertaken more dives (median 800) than DAN members (330) and PADI divers (28). A total of 692 respondents reported suffering from diabetes or a cardiovascular, respiratory, neurological or psychological condition and included 34% of the DAN members and 28% of each of the PADI cohorts. Eighty-four divers had been treated for decompression illness (approximately 5% of DAN and PADI member groups and 1% of the PADI divers). Eighty-seven of 1,156 (7.5%) PADI respondents reported a perceived life-threatening incident while diving. CONCLUSIONS: Despite low response rates, this study indicates clear differences in the characteristics of the divers in the three cohorts. Therefore, a survey of a single cohort may represent that diving population alone and the findings may be misleading. This bias needs to be clearly understood and any survey findings interpreted accordingly. Copyright: This article is the copyright of the authors who grant Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine a non-exclusive licence to publish the article in electronic and other forms.
Entities:
Keywords:
Cardiovascular; Fitness to dive; Health surveillance; Recreational divers; Scuba divers; Survey