Lisa L Morselli1,2, Kristin E Claflin1, Huxing Cui1,3,4,5,6,7, Justin L Grobe8,9,10,11,12,13. 1. Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, 51 Newton Rd., 2-307 BSB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA. 2. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA. 3. Center for Hypertension Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA. 4. Obesity Research & Education Initiative, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA. 5. Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA. 6. Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA. 7. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA. 8. Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, 51 Newton Rd., 2-307 BSB, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA. justin-grobe@uiowa.edu. 9. Center for Hypertension Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA. justin-grobe@uiowa.edu. 10. Obesity Research & Education Initiative, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA. justin-grobe@uiowa.edu. 11. Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA. justin-grobe@uiowa.edu. 12. Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA. justin-grobe@uiowa.edu. 13. Abboud Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA. justin-grobe@uiowa.edu.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Here, we review the current understanding of the functional neuroanatomy of neurons expressing Agouti-related peptide (AgRP) and the angiotensin 1A receptor (AT1A) within the arcuate nucleus (ARC) in the control of energy balance. RECENT FINDINGS: The development and maintenance of obesity involves suppression of resting metabolic rate (RMR). RMR control is integrated via AgRP and proopiomelanocortin neurons within the ARC. Their projections to other hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic nuclei contribute to RMR control, though relatively little is known about the contributions of individual projections and the neurotransmitters involved. Recent studies highlight a role for AT1A, localized to AgRP neurons, but the specific function of AT1A within these cells remains unclear. AT1A functions within AgRP neurons to control RMR, but additional work is required to clarify its role within subpopulations of AgRP neurons projecting to distinct second-order nuclei, and the molecular mediators of its signaling within these cells.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Here, we review the current understanding of the functional neuroanatomy of neurons expressing Agouti-related peptide (AgRP) and the angiotensin 1A receptor (AT1A) within the arcuate nucleus (ARC) in the control of energy balance. RECENT FINDINGS: The development and maintenance of obesity involves suppression of resting metabolic rate (RMR). RMR control is integrated via AgRP and proopiomelanocortin neurons within the ARC. Their projections to other hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic nuclei contribute to RMR control, though relatively little is known about the contributions of individual projections and the neurotransmitters involved. Recent studies highlight a role for AT1A, localized to AgRP neurons, but the specific function of AT1A within these cells remains unclear. AT1A functions within AgRP neurons to control RMR, but additional work is required to clarify its role within subpopulations of AgRP neurons projecting to distinct second-order nuclei, and the molecular mediators of its signaling within these cells.
Entities:
Keywords:
Agouti-related peptide; Bioenergetics; Leptin; Metabolism; Obesity; Renin-angiotensin system
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