Omar F Khabour1, Karem H Alzoubi2, Nour Al-Sawalha2, Mohammad Bani Ahmad3, Alan Shihadeh4, Thomas Eissenberg5. 1. Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan. Electronic address: khabour@just.edu.jo. 2. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan. 3. Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan. 4. Mechanical Engineering Department, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States. 5. Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States; Department of Psychology and Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Acute exposure of experimental animals to waterpipe tobacco smoke has been shown to induce lung inflammation and injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of chronic exposure to waterpipe smoke on inflammatory markers and oxidative stress in the mouse lung. METHOD: Using a whole-body exposure system, animals were exposed to waterpipe smoke for 6 weeks with a one-hour daily exposure for 5 days a week. RESULTS: Exposure to waterpipe tobacco smoke induced the recruitment of inflammatory cells to the airway. Significant elevation in macrophages, lymphocytes and neutrophils was detected in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of exposed animals (P < 0.01). Furthermore, levels of catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the lung homogenates were elevated (P < 0.05). Finally, waterpipe smoking altered the levels of a panel of inflammatory cytokines including TNFα, IL-1 β, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 biomarkers in the lung of exposed animals (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: These results support the notion that waterpipe tobacco smoking exerts harmful respiratory health effects.
PURPOSE: Acute exposure of experimental animals to waterpipe tobacco smoke has been shown to induce lung inflammation and injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of chronic exposure to waterpipe smoke on inflammatory markers and oxidative stress in the mouse lung. METHOD: Using a whole-body exposure system, animals were exposed to waterpipe smoke for 6 weeks with a one-hour daily exposure for 5 days a week. RESULTS: Exposure to waterpipe tobacco smoke induced the recruitment of inflammatory cells to the airway. Significant elevation in macrophages, lymphocytes and neutrophils was detected in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of exposed animals (P < 0.01). Furthermore, levels of catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the lung homogenates were elevated (P < 0.05). Finally, waterpipe smoking altered the levels of a panel of inflammatory cytokines including TNFα, IL-1 β, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-12 biomarkers in the lung of exposed animals (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: These results support the notion that waterpipe tobacco smoking exerts harmful respiratory health effects.
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