Isabel Iguacel1,2,3,4, Laura Escartín5, Juan M Fernández-Alvira6,7, Iris Iglesia6,8,5,9, Idoia Labayen10, Luis A Moreno6,8,5,11, María Pilar Samper5,9,12, Gerardo Rodríguez6,8,5,9,12. 1. GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Spain Edificio del SAI, C/Pedro Cerbuna s/n, 50009, Saragossa, Spain. iguacel@unizar.es. 2. Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Saragossa, Spain. iguacel@unizar.es. 3. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Saragossa, Spain. iguacel@unizar.es. 4. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain. iguacel@unizar.es. 5. Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Saragossa, Spain. 6. GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Spain Edificio del SAI, C/Pedro Cerbuna s/n, 50009, Saragossa, Spain. 7. Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain. 8. Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Saragossa, Spain. 9. Red de Salud Materno Infantil y del Desarrollo (SAMID), RETICS ISCIII, Madrid, Spain. 10. Departamento de Nutrición y Bromatología, Universidad del País Vasco, UPV/EHU, Vitoria, Spain. 11. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain. 12. Departamento de Pediatría, Radiología y Medicina Física, Universidad de Zaragoza, Saragossa, Spain.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To explore early life risk factors of overweight/obesity at age 6 years and their cumulative effects on overweight/obesity at ages 2, 4 and 6 years. METHODS: Altogether 1031 Spanish children were evaluated at birth and during a 6-year follow-up. Early life risk factors included: parental overweight/obesity, parental origin/ethnicity, maternal smoking during pregnancy, gestational weight gain, gestational age, birth weight, caesarean section, breastfeeding practices and rapid infant weight gain collected via hospital records. Cumulative effects were assessed by adding up those early risk factors that significantly increased the risk of overweight/obesity. We conducted binary logistic regression models. RESULTS: Rapid infant weight gain (OR 2.29, 99% CI 1.54-3.42), maternal overweight/obesity (OR 1.93, 99% CI 1.27-2.92), paternal overweight/obesity (OR 2.17, 99% CI 1.44-3.28), Latin American/Roma origin (OR 3.20, 99% CI 1.60-6.39) and smoking during pregnancy (OR 1.61, 99% CI 1.01-2.59) remained significant after adjusting for confounders. A higher number of early life risk factors accumulated was associated with overweight/obesity at age 6 years but not at age 2 and 4 years. CONCLUSIONS: Rapid infant weight gain, parental overweight/obesity, maternal smoking and origin/ethnicity predict childhood overweight/obesity and present cumulative effects. Monitoring children with rapid weight gain and supporting a healthy parental weight are important for childhood obesity prevention.
OBJECTIVES: To explore early life risk factors of overweight/obesity at age 6 years and their cumulative effects on overweight/obesity at ages 2, 4 and 6 years. METHODS: Altogether 1031 Spanish children were evaluated at birth and during a 6-year follow-up. Early life risk factors included: parental overweight/obesity, parental origin/ethnicity, maternal smoking during pregnancy, gestational weight gain, gestational age, birth weight, caesarean section, breastfeeding practices and rapid infantweight gain collected via hospital records. Cumulative effects were assessed by adding up those early risk factors that significantly increased the risk of overweight/obesity. We conducted binary logistic regression models. RESULTS: Rapid infantweight gain (OR 2.29, 99% CI 1.54-3.42), maternal overweight/obesity (OR 1.93, 99% CI 1.27-2.92), paternal overweight/obesity (OR 2.17, 99% CI 1.44-3.28), Latin American/Roma origin (OR 3.20, 99% CI 1.60-6.39) and smoking during pregnancy (OR 1.61, 99% CI 1.01-2.59) remained significant after adjusting for confounders. A higher number of early life risk factors accumulated was associated with overweight/obesity at age 6 years but not at age 2 and 4 years. CONCLUSIONS: Rapid infantweight gain, parental overweight/obesity, maternal smoking and origin/ethnicity predict childhood overweight/obesity and present cumulative effects. Monitoring children with rapid weight gain and supporting a healthy parental weight are important for childhood obesity prevention.
Entities:
Keywords:
Children; Early life risk factors; Overweight; Pregnancy; Prevention
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