James Butcher1, Sharon Unger2, Jennifer Li1, Nicole Bando3, Guillaume Romain1, Jane Francis4, Walid Mottawea1, David Mack5, Alain Stintzi1, Deborah L O'Connor2. 1. Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry Immunology and Microbiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. 2. Departments of Pediatrics and Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 3. Departments of Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 4. Departments of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 5. Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO) Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, CHEO, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Abstract
Background: Very-low-birth-weight (VLBW; born weighing <1500 g) infant feeding with mother's own milk (mother's milk) is associated with numerous beneficial health outcomes. Several interventions, including the prophylactic use of probiotics, are being adopted to promote a gastrointestinal microbiota favorable to the gut health of VLBW infants. An improved understanding of the microbiota that results from mother's milk feeding would therefore facilitate progress in this field. Objective: A preplanned primary objective of this research was to characterize the development of the gut microbiota in exclusively mother's milk-fed VLBW infants and describe the reference taxonomic profile that results from mother's milk feeding. Methods: In this prospective longitudinal cohort study, we collected weekly stool samples from exclusively mother's milk-fed VLBW infants admitted to Mount Sinai Hospital and profiled their gastrointestinal microbiota development from birth (primary outcome of stool collection). In total, we profiled 231 stools from 54 exclusively mother's milk-fed VLBW infants with the use of V6-16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Results: Bacterial evenness, but not bacterial richness, increased over time in VLBW infants (P < 0.001). Bifidobacterium relative abundances were consistently low in all microbiotas at all time points (<0.5% in 97% of samples). VLBW infant microbiotas did not cluster by birth mode, gestational age, or weeks after birth and instead clustered as a function of patient identity (R2 = 0.51, P < 0.001). Conclusions: Exclusively mother's milk-fed VLBW infants rapidly develop personalized gut microbiotas that show increasing evenness and are seemingly unaffected by birth mode or gestational age at birth. The benefits from mother's milk feeding are likely modulated through microbes or pathways that are not dependent on Bifidobacterium because these microbes are present at low levels in VLBW infants. These results help define a reference VLBW infant microbiota profile derived from mother's milk, the optimal source of nutrition for these infants. This trial was registered at ISRCTN (http://www.isrctn.com/) as ISRCTN35317141.
Background: Very-low-birth-weight (VLBW; born weighing <1500 g) infant feeding with mother's own milk (mother's milk) is associated with numerous beneficial health outcomes. Several interventions, including the prophylactic use of probiotics, are being adopted to promote a gastrointestinal microbiota favorable to the gut health of VLBW infants. An improved understanding of the microbiota that results from mother's milk feeding would therefore facilitate progress in this field. Objective: A preplanned primary objective of this research was to characterize the development of the gut microbiota in exclusively mother's milk-fed VLBW infants and describe the reference taxonomic profile that results from mother's milk feeding. Methods: In this prospective longitudinal cohort study, we collected weekly stool samples from exclusively mother's milk-fed VLBW infants admitted to Mount Sinai Hospital and profiled their gastrointestinal microbiota development from birth (primary outcome of stool collection). In total, we profiled 231 stools from 54 exclusively mother's milk-fed VLBW infants with the use of V6-16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Results: Bacterial evenness, but not bacterial richness, increased over time in VLBW infants (P < 0.001). Bifidobacterium relative abundances were consistently low in all microbiotas at all time points (<0.5% in 97% of samples). VLBW infant microbiotas did not cluster by birth mode, gestational age, or weeks after birth and instead clustered as a function of patient identity (R2 = 0.51, P < 0.001). Conclusions: Exclusively mother's milk-fed VLBW infants rapidly develop personalized gut microbiotas that show increasing evenness and are seemingly unaffected by birth mode or gestational age at birth. The benefits from mother's milk feeding are likely modulated through microbes or pathways that are not dependent on Bifidobacterium because these microbes are present at low levels in VLBW infants. These results help define a reference VLBW infant microbiota profile derived from mother's milk, the optimal source of nutrition for these infants. This trial was registered at ISRCTN (http://www.isrctn.com/) as ISRCTN35317141.
Authors: Samantha L Huey; Lingjing Jiang; Marcus W Fedarko; Daniel McDonald; Cameron Martino; Farhana Ali; David G Russell; Shobha A Udipi; Aparna Thorat; Varsha Thakker; Padmini Ghugre; R D Potdar; Harsha Chopra; Kripa Rajagopalan; Jere D Haas; Julia L Finkelstein; Rob Knight; Saurabh Mehta Journal: mSphere Date: 2020-09-23 Impact factor: 4.389