E Verheij1,2, L Elden3, T B Crowley4,5, F A Pameijer6, E H Zackai4,5,7, D M McDonald-McGinn4,5,7, H G X M Thomeer8,2. 1. From the Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (E.V., H.G.X.M.T.) ent-research@umcutrecht.nl. 2. Brain Center Rudolf Magnus (E.V., H.G.X.M.T.). 3. Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (L.E.). 4. The 22q and You Center (T.B.C., E.H.Z., D.M.M.-M.). 5. Department of Human Genetics (T.B.C., E.H.Z., D.M.M.-M.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 6. Department of Radiology (F.A.P.), University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands. 7. Department of Pediatrics (E.H.Z., D.M.M.-M.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 8. From the Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (E.V., H.G.X.M.T.).
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome is characterized by a heterogenic phenotype, including hearing loss. The underlying cause of hearing loss, especially sensorineural hearing loss, is not yet clear. Therefore, our objective was to describe anatomic malformations in the middle and inner ear in patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective case series was conducted in 2 tertiary referral centers. All patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome who had undergone CT or MR imaging of the temporal bones were included. Radiologic images were evaluated on predetermined parameters, including abnormalities of the ossicular chain, cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibule. RESULTS: There were 26 patients (52 ears) with a CT or MR imaging scan available. A dense stapes superstructure was found in 18 ears (36%), an incomplete partition type II was suspected in 12 cochleas (23%), the lateral semicircular canal was malformed with a small bony island in 17 ears (33%), and the lateral semicircular canal and vestibule were fused to a single cavity in 15 ears (29%). CONCLUSIONS: Middle and inner ear abnormalities were frequently encountered in our cohort, including malformations of the lateral semicircular canal.
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The 22q11.2 deletion syndrome is characterized by a heterogenic phenotype, including hearing loss. The underlying cause of hearing loss, especially sensorineural hearing loss, is not yet clear. Therefore, our objective was to describe anatomic malformations in the middle and inner ear in patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective case series was conducted in 2 tertiary referral centers. All patients with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome who had undergone CT or MR imaging of the temporal bones were included. Radiologic images were evaluated on predetermined parameters, including abnormalities of the ossicular chain, cochlea, semicircular canals, and vestibule. RESULTS: There were 26 patients (52 ears) with a CT or MR imaging scan available. A dense stapes superstructure was found in 18 ears (36%), an incomplete partition type II was suspected in 12 cochleas (23%), the lateral semicircular canal was malformed with a small bony island in 17 ears (33%), and the lateral semicircular canal and vestibule were fused to a single cavity in 15 ears (29%). CONCLUSIONS: Middle and inner ear abnormalities were frequently encountered in our cohort, including malformations of the lateral semicircular canal.