Mark K Su1, Jessica Hetherington Lopez2, Aldo Crossa3, Robert S Hoffman4. 1. Division of Medical Toxicology, Ronald O. Perelman Department of Emergency Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, USA. Electronic address: mark.su@nyumc.org. 2. Greater San Antonio Emergency Physicians, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA. 3. New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, USA. 4. Division of Medical Toxicology, Ronald O. Perelman Department of Emergency Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of 10mg intramuscular (IM) methadone in patients with opioid withdrawal syndrome (OWS). METHODS: This was a prospective observational, convenience sample of patients presenting to the ED with mild to moderate OWS. Evaluations included the Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale (COWS), Withdrawal Symptoms Scale (WSS), Altered Mental Status Scale (AMSS) and a physician assessment of the patient's WSS (MDWSS). After enrollment, 10mg of IM methadone was administered and patients were reassessed at 30min post-methadone administration. The primary outcome was the change in COWS at baseline and after methadone administration. Secondary outcomes were the differences between AMSS, and WSS post-methadone. RESULTS: Fifty-seven patients had COWS scores recorded at baseline and 30min. Fifty-six had mild to moderate OWS. The COWS improved a mean of 7.6 after methadone administration (P<0.001). The improvement was greater among patients presenting with moderate versus mild withdrawal (mean decrease=-9.1 vs. -5.5, P<0.001). Patients were more likely to self-score themselves as having withdrawal compared to MDs (93.6% vs. 76.6% respectively, P=0.027). Of the 62 patients with baseline and follow-up WSS by self-assessments, 69% improved post-methadone administration. In addition, the AMSS score remained the same or improved among 86% of cases with measurements at baseline and follow-up. CONCLUSION: A single IM dose of 10mg methadone in the ED reduces the severity of acute mild to moderate OWS by 30min. Larger prospective, randomized controlled, and blinded studies would be needed to confirm these results.
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of 10mg intramuscular (IM) methadone in patients with opioid withdrawal syndrome (OWS). METHODS: This was a prospective observational, convenience sample of patients presenting to the ED with mild to moderate OWS. Evaluations included the Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale (COWS), Withdrawal Symptoms Scale (WSS), Altered Mental Status Scale (AMSS) and a physician assessment of the patient's WSS (MDWSS). After enrollment, 10mg of IM methadone was administered and patients were reassessed at 30min post-methadone administration. The primary outcome was the change in COWS at baseline and after methadone administration. Secondary outcomes were the differences between AMSS, and WSS post-methadone. RESULTS: Fifty-seven patients had COWS scores recorded at baseline and 30min. Fifty-six had mild to moderate OWS. The COWS improved a mean of 7.6 after methadone administration (P<0.001). The improvement was greater among patients presenting with moderate versus mild withdrawal (mean decrease=-9.1 vs. -5.5, P<0.001). Patients were more likely to self-score themselves as having withdrawal compared to MDs (93.6% vs. 76.6% respectively, P=0.027). Of the 62 patients with baseline and follow-up WSS by self-assessments, 69% improved post-methadone administration. In addition, the AMSS score remained the same or improved among 86% of cases with measurements at baseline and follow-up. CONCLUSION: A single IM dose of 10mg methadone in the ED reduces the severity of acute mild to moderate OWS by 30min. Larger prospective, randomized controlled, and blinded studies would be needed to confirm these results.
Authors: Jessica Heil; Valerie S Ganetsky; Matthew S Salzman; Krystal Hunter; Kaitlan E Baston; Gerard Carroll; Eric Ketcham; Rachel Haroz Journal: West J Emerg Med Date: 2022-04-04
Authors: Elizabeth Saunders; Stephen A Metcalf; Olivia Walsh; Sarah K Moore; Andrea Meier; Bethany McLeman; Samantha Auty; Sarah Bessen; Lisa A Marsch Journal: Drug Alcohol Depend Date: 2019-09-13 Impact factor: 4.852