Yasmine Ghantous, Juliana L Schussel, Mariana Brait1. 1. Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Head and Neck Cancer Research Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The present review aims to describe the epigenetic alterations observed in oral cancer linked to the exposure to alcohol and/or tobacco. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent findings emphasize the importance of epigenetics in oral cancer progression and in how risk factors (as tobacco and alcohol) affect the basal epigenetic profiles. Deeper techniques and detailed approaches allowed the perception that individual CG changes and even subtle changes may represent important epigenetic alterations resulting in expression changes and other carcinogenic consequences. New classes of epigenetic alterations including noncoding RNAs have been gaining attention. SUMMARY: Many epigenetic alterations have been described in oral carcinoma progression induced by tobacco and/or alcohol, including: promoter hypermethylation in genes with tumor suppressive activity, global (genome-wide) hypomethylation, change in methylation patterns throughout the genes, alteration in noncoding RNAs, and histones modifications. These changes represent progress in the knowledge of how these risk factors act in a molecular level. There is an urgent need for large independent studies to move these potential makers further and validate them to identify risk assessment, early diagnostic markers, and therapeutic targets, as well as to be the base for prevention and intervention strategies.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The present review aims to describe the epigenetic alterations observed in oral cancer linked to the exposure to alcohol and/or tobacco. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent findings emphasize the importance of epigenetics in oral cancer progression and in how risk factors (as tobacco and alcohol) affect the basal epigenetic profiles. Deeper techniques and detailed approaches allowed the perception that individual CG changes and even subtle changes may represent important epigenetic alterations resulting in expression changes and other carcinogenic consequences. New classes of epigenetic alterations including noncoding RNAs have been gaining attention. SUMMARY: Many epigenetic alterations have been described in oral carcinoma progression induced by tobacco and/or alcohol, including: promoter hypermethylation in genes with tumor suppressive activity, global (genome-wide) hypomethylation, change in methylation patterns throughout the genes, alteration in noncoding RNAs, and histones modifications. These changes represent progress in the knowledge of how these risk factors act in a molecular level. There is an urgent need for large independent studies to move these potential makers further and validate them to identify risk assessment, early diagnostic markers, and therapeutic targets, as well as to be the base for prevention and intervention strategies.
Authors: Karam El-Bayoumy; Neil D Christensen; Jiafen Hu; Raphael Viscidi; Douglas B Stairs; Vonn Walter; Kun-Ming Chen; Yuan-Wan Sun; Joshua E Muscat; John P Richie Journal: Cancer Prev Res (Phila) Date: 2020-05-20
Authors: Kun-Ming Chen; Yuan-Wan Sun; Yuka Imamura Kawasawa; Anna C Salzberg; Junjia Zhu; Krishne Gowda; Cesar Aliaga; Shantu Amin; Hannah Atkins; Karam El-Bayoumy Journal: Cancer Prev Res (Phila) Date: 2020-01-22
Authors: Chen Huang; Lijun Chen; Sara R Savage; Rodrigo Vargas Eguez; Yongchao Dou; Yize Li; Felipe da Veiga Leprevost; Eric J Jaehnig; Jonathan T Lei; Bo Wen; Michael Schnaubelt; Karsten Krug; Xiaoyu Song; Marcin Cieślik; Hui-Yin Chang; Matthew A Wyczalkowski; Kai Li; Antonio Colaprico; Qing Kay Li; David J Clark; Yingwei Hu; Liwei Cao; Jianbo Pan; Yuefan Wang; Kyung-Cho Cho; Zhiao Shi; Yuxing Liao; Wen Jiang; Meenakshi Anurag; Jiayi Ji; Seungyeul Yoo; Daniel Cui Zhou; Wen-Wei Liang; Michael Wendl; Pankaj Vats; Steven A Carr; D R Mani; Zhen Zhang; Jiang Qian; Xi S Chen; Alexander R Pico; Pei Wang; Arul M Chinnaiyan; Karen A Ketchum; Christopher R Kinsinger; Ana I Robles; Eunkyung An; Tara Hiltke; Mehdi Mesri; Mathangi Thiagarajan; Alissa M Weaver; Andrew G Sikora; Jan Lubiński; Małgorzata Wierzbicka; Maciej Wiznerowicz; Shankha Satpathy; Michael A Gillette; George Miles; Matthew J Ellis; Gilbert S Omenn; Henry Rodriguez; Emily S Boja; Saravana M Dhanasekaran; Li Ding; Alexey I Nesvizhskii; Adel K El-Naggar; Daniel W Chan; Hui Zhang; Bing Zhang Journal: Cancer Cell Date: 2021-01-07 Impact factor: 31.743