Shinya Makino1, Sachie Hirose2, Miki Kakutani2, Masayoshi Fujiwara2, Mitsuru Nishiyama3, Yoshio Terada3, Hitoshi Ninomiya4. 1. Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Gyomeikan Hospital, 5-4-8 Nishikujo, Konohana-ku, Osaka, 554-0012, Japan. Electronic address: makinos@ares.eonet.ne.jp. 2. Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Gyomeikan Hospital, 5-4-8 Nishikujo, Konohana-ku, Osaka, 554-0012, Japan. 3. Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nephrology, Kochi Medical School, Okoh-cho, Nankoku-city, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan. 4. Data Management Division, Integrated Center for Advanced Medical Technologies, Kochi Medical School, Okoh-cho, Nankoku-city, Kochi, 783-8505, Japan.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To clarify the relationship between nighttime sleep duration, midday naps, and glycemic control in Japanese patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (n = 355) or impaired glucose tolerance (n = 43). METHODS: A total of 398 patients completed a self-administered questionnaire on sleep duration/quality and were divided into five groups according to their self-reported nighttime sleep duration: <5 h, 5-6 h, 6-7 h, 7-8 h, and >8 h. Each group was further divided into two subgroups each according to the presence or absence of midday naps. Poor glycemic control was defined as HbA1c ≥ 7.0%. RESULTS: Short nighttime sleep (<5 h), poor sleep induction, daytime sleepiness, and low sleep satisfaction were associated with high HbA1c levels. HbA1c was higher in the short nighttime sleep/no nap group than in non-nappers with different nighttime sleep duration, whereas the short nighttime sleep/nap group showed similar HbA1c levels to the other nap subgroups. In multivariate logistic regression models, after adjusting for a number of potential confounders, short (<5 h) nighttime sleep without nap was significantly associated with poor glycemic control compared with 6-7 h nighttime sleep without nap (OR [95% CI]: 7.14 [2.20-23.20]). However, taking naps reduced this risk for poor glycemic control in short sleepers. Other risk factors for poor glycemic control were low sleep satisfaction (1.73 [1.10-2.70]) and poor sleep induction (1.69 [1.14-2.50]). CONCLUSIONS: Poor sleep quality and quantity could aggravate glycemic control in type 2 diabetes. Midday naps could mitigate the deleterious effects of short nighttime sleep on glycemic control. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: UMIN 000017887.
OBJECTIVES: To clarify the relationship between nighttime sleep duration, midday naps, and glycemic control in Japanese patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (n = 355) or impaired glucose tolerance (n = 43). METHODS: A total of 398 patients completed a self-administered questionnaire on sleep duration/quality and were divided into five groups according to their self-reported nighttime sleep duration: <5 h, 5-6 h, 6-7 h, 7-8 h, and >8 h. Each group was further divided into two subgroups each according to the presence or absence of midday naps. Poor glycemic control was defined as HbA1c ≥ 7.0%. RESULTS: Short nighttime sleep (<5 h), poor sleep induction, daytime sleepiness, and low sleep satisfaction were associated with high HbA1c levels. HbA1c was higher in the short nighttime sleep/no nap group than in non-nappers with different nighttime sleep duration, whereas the short nighttime sleep/nap group showed similar HbA1c levels to the other nap subgroups. In multivariate logistic regression models, after adjusting for a number of potential confounders, short (<5 h) nighttime sleep without nap was significantly associated with poor glycemic control compared with 6-7 h nighttime sleep without nap (OR [95% CI]: 7.14 [2.20-23.20]). However, taking naps reduced this risk for poor glycemic control in short sleepers. Other risk factors for poor glycemic control were low sleep satisfaction (1.73 [1.10-2.70]) and poor sleep induction (1.69 [1.14-2.50]). CONCLUSIONS: Poor sleep quality and quantity could aggravate glycemic control in type 2 diabetes. Midday naps could mitigate the deleterious effects of short nighttime sleep on glycemic control. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION: UMIN 000017887.
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