Dan Norbäck1, Chan Lu2, Juan Wang3, Yinping Zhang4, Baizhan Li5, Zhuohui Zhao6, Chen Huang7, Xin Zhang8, Hua Qian9, Yuexia Sun10, Jan Sundell11, Qihong Deng12. 1. School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden. Electronic address: dan.norback@medsci.uu.se. 2. School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. 3. Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China. 4. School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. 5. Key Laboratory of Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China. 6. Department of Environmental Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. 7. Department of Building Environment and Energy Engineering, School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China. 8. Research Center for Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China. 9. School of Energy & Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing, China. 10. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China. 11. School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China. 12. School of Energy Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; XiangYa School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China. Electronic address: qhdeng@csu.edu.cn.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Few data exist on asthma and rhinitis across China in relation to indoor and outdoor air pollution, climate and socioeconomic factors. The main aim was to study associations between asthma, rhinitis and current respiratory symptoms among pre-school children across China and selected indoor and outdoor exposure and indicators of socio-economic status (SES) in mutually adjusted models. METHODS: Chinese children (3-6 yr.) (n = 39,782) were recruited from randomly selected day care centres in seven cities in China. Data on asthma, respiratory symptoms, rhinitis, indoor and outdoor exposure at home and SES were assessed by a parentally administered questionnaire. Lifetime mean ambient temperature, PM10, NO2, and GDP per capita on city level were calculated. RESULTS: Totally 7.4% had ever doctors' diagnosed (DD) asthma and 8.7% DD-rhinitis, 19.7% had current wheeze, 45.0% rhinitis and 16.9% cough. DD-asthma was associated with ambient temperature (OR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.11-1.20 per °C), NO2 (OR = 1.16, 95% CI 1.02-1.33 per 10 μg/m3), indoor mould/dampness (OR = 1.25, 95% CI 1.13-1.39) and living near major roads (OR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.02-1.25). DD-rhinitis was associated with ambient temperature (OR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.05-1.10 per °C), NO2 (OR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.09-1.32 per 10 μg/m3), GDP (OR = 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.06 per 10,000 RenMinBi/year), indoor mould/dampness (OR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.11-1.35), passive smoking (OR = 1.11, 95% CI 1.01-1.21), and living near major roads (OR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.03-1.25). Children in suburban or rural areas, in larger families (≥5 persons) and with prenatal farm exposure had less DD-asthma and DD-rhinitis. CONCLUSIONS: Economic development level of the city, higher SES, ambient temperature, NO2, PM10, traffic air pollution and mould/dampness can be risk factors for asthma and rhinitis and respiratory symptoms among pre-school children in China. Breastfeeding, large family size and early-life farm exposure could be protective factors.
BACKGROUND: Few data exist on asthma and rhinitis across China in relation to indoor and outdoor air pollution, climate and socioeconomic factors. The main aim was to study associations between asthma, rhinitis and current respiratory symptoms among pre-school children across China and selected indoor and outdoor exposure and indicators of socio-economic status (SES) in mutually adjusted models. METHODS: Chinese children (3-6 yr.) (n = 39,782) were recruited from randomly selected day care centres in seven cities in China. Data on asthma, respiratory symptoms, rhinitis, indoor and outdoor exposure at home and SES were assessed by a parentally administered questionnaire. Lifetime mean ambient temperature, PM10, NO2, and GDP per capita on city level were calculated. RESULTS: Totally 7.4% had ever doctors' diagnosed (DD) asthma and 8.7% DD-rhinitis, 19.7% had current wheeze, 45.0% rhinitis and 16.9% cough. DD-asthma was associated with ambient temperature (OR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.11-1.20 per °C), NO2 (OR = 1.16, 95% CI 1.02-1.33 per 10 μg/m3), indoor mould/dampness (OR = 1.25, 95% CI 1.13-1.39) and living near major roads (OR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.02-1.25). DD-rhinitis was associated with ambient temperature (OR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.05-1.10 per °C), NO2 (OR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.09-1.32 per 10 μg/m3), GDP (OR = 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.06 per 10,000 RenMinBi/year), indoor mould/dampness (OR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.11-1.35), passive smoking (OR = 1.11, 95% CI 1.01-1.21), and living near major roads (OR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.03-1.25). Children in suburban or rural areas, in larger families (≥5 persons) and with prenatal farm exposure had less DD-asthma and DD-rhinitis. CONCLUSIONS: Economic development level of the city, higher SES, ambient temperature, NO2, PM10, traffic air pollution and mould/dampness can be risk factors for asthma and rhinitis and respiratory symptoms among pre-school children in China. Breastfeeding, large family size and early-life farm exposure could be protective factors.
Authors: Carla E Tarazona-Meza; Andrew Nicholson; Karina M Romero; Suzanne L Pollard; Rocio M Gálvez-Davila; Nadia N Hansel; William Checkley Journal: J Asthma Date: 2019-08-16 Impact factor: 2.515
Authors: Agnes S Ellie; Yuexia Sun; Jing Hou; Pan Wang; Qingnan Zhang; Jan Sundell Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2021-04-14 Impact factor: 3.390
Authors: Azahara María García-Serna; Elena Martín-Orozco; Trinidad Hernández-Caselles; Eva Morales Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2021-04-09 Impact factor: 3.390