Masahiko Mori1,2, Nuanjun Wichukchinda3, Reiko Miyahara1, Archawin Rojanawiwat3, Panita Pathipvanich4, Toshiyuki Miura1, Michio Yasunami1,5, Koya Ariyoshi1, Pathom Sawanpanyalert3. 1. Department of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan. 2. Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. 3. National Institute of Health, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi, Thailand. 4. Day Care Centre, Lampang Hospital, Lampang, Thailand. 5. Department of Medical Genomics, Life Science Institute, Saga-Ken Medical Centre Koseikan, Saga, Japan.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Class I human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules contribute to HIV control through antigen presentation to both cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Contribution of cytotoxic T lymphocytes to HIV clinical outcome by HLA alleles has been well studied. However, reports about the role of natural killer cells in HIV clinical outcome, particularly, about the effect of HLA-killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) pairs, remain incomplete. METHODS: The effects of HLA allele-KIR pairs on HIV clinical outcome were statistically analyzed in a Thai cohort of treatment-naive chronically infected population (n = 209). RESULTS: Five HLA allele-KIR pairs scored significantly in viral load (VL) differences. Among them, opposing effects on VL were identified among subjects expressing KIR2DL2 ligands within the HLA-C1 group: higher VL in individuals expressing HLA-B*46:01+KIR2DL2+ compared with individuals without KIR (HLA-B*46:01+KIR2DL2-) (5.0 vs 4.6 log10 copies/mL, P = 0.02), in HLA-C*01:02+KIR2DL2+ (5.0 vs 4.6 log10 copies/mL; P = 0.02), and lower VL in HLA-C*12:03+KIR2DL2+ (4.3 vs 5.6 log10 copies/mL; P = 0.01). In the longitudinal analysis of a ten-year follow-up, HLA-B*46:01+KIR2DL2+ve subjects also had a higher mortality rate compared with the subjects without that pair, independent of variables including antiretroviral treatment, as well as CD4 T-cell count, sex, and age (adjusted hazard ratio 5.9, P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: We identified several HLA allele-KIR pairs associated with clinical outcome differences including opposing effects on VL within 1 HLA group with the same KIR. Among them, HLA-B*46:01 emerged in Southeast Asia about 50,000 years ago and is now the most prevalent HLA-B allele in that area. These findings highlight that each endemic area has unique features of anti-HIV innate immunity that impact clinical outcome.
BACKGROUND: Class I human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules contribute to HIV control through antigen presentation to both cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. Contribution of cytotoxic T lymphocytes to HIV clinical outcome by HLA alleles has been well studied. However, reports about the role of natural killer cells in HIV clinical outcome, particularly, about the effect of HLA-killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) pairs, remain incomplete. METHODS: The effects of HLA allele-KIR pairs on HIV clinical outcome were statistically analyzed in a Thai cohort of treatment-naive chronically infected population (n = 209). RESULTS: Five HLA allele-KIR pairs scored significantly in viral load (VL) differences. Among them, opposing effects on VL were identified among subjects expressing KIR2DL2 ligands within the HLA-C1 group: higher VL in individuals expressing HLA-B*46:01+KIR2DL2+ compared with individuals without KIR (HLA-B*46:01+KIR2DL2-) (5.0 vs 4.6 log10 copies/mL, P = 0.02), in HLA-C*01:02+KIR2DL2+ (5.0 vs 4.6 log10 copies/mL; P = 0.02), and lower VL in HLA-C*12:03+KIR2DL2+ (4.3 vs 5.6 log10 copies/mL; P = 0.01). In the longitudinal analysis of a ten-year follow-up, HLA-B*46:01+KIR2DL2+ve subjects also had a higher mortality rate compared with the subjects without that pair, independent of variables including antiretroviral treatment, as well as CD4 T-cell count, sex, and age (adjusted hazard ratio 5.9, P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: We identified several HLA allele-KIR pairs associated with clinical outcome differences including opposing effects on VL within 1 HLA group with the same KIR. Among them, HLA-B*46:01 emerged in Southeast Asia about 50,000 years ago and is now the most prevalent HLA-B allele in that area. These findings highlight that each endemic area has unique features of anti-HIV innate immunity that impact clinical outcome.
Authors: Shuying S Li; Andrew Hickey; Shida Shangguan; Philip K Ehrenberg; Aviva Geretz; Lauryn Butler; Gautam Kundu; Richard Apps; Matthew Creegan; Robert J Clifford; Suteeraporn Pinyakorn; Leigh Anne Eller; Pikunchai Luechai; Peter B Gilbert; Timothy H Holtz; Anupong Chitwarakorn; Carlo Sacdalan; Eugène Kroon; Nittaya Phanuphak; Mark de Souza; Jintanat Ananworanich; Robert J O'Connell; Merlin L Robb; Nelson L Michael; Sandhya Vasan; Rasmi Thomas Journal: Cell Host Microbe Date: 2022-07-15 Impact factor: 31.316