John N Booth1, Man Li2, Daichi Shimbo3, Rachel Hess4, Marguerite R Irvin1, Rick Kittles5, James G Wilson6, Lynn B Jorde7, Alfred K Cheung2, Leslie A Lange8, Ethan M Lange8, Yuichiro Yano9, Paul Muntner1, Adam P Bress4. 1. Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA. 2. Divsion of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. 3. Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA. 4. Division of Health System Innovation and Research, Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. 5. Division of Health Equities, Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope, Pasadena, California, USA. 6. Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA. 7. Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA. 8. Division of Biomedical Informatics and Personalized Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA. 9. Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: African Americans have a higher prevalence of nocturnal hypertension and nondipping blood pressure than European Americans, but the genetic contribution to these racial differences remains unclear. We assessed the association of the percentage West African genetic ancestry with nocturnal hypertension and nondipping blood pressure in 932 African Americans from the Jackson Heart Study. METHODS: Using percentage West African ancestry determined from 389 ancestry informative markers, participants were categorized into tertiles (tertile 1 [low]: <79.3%, tertile 2: ≥79.3-86.3%, and tertile 3 [high]: >86.3%). Nocturnal hypertension was defined as mean nighttime (midnight-6 am) systolic (SBP)/diastolic blood pressure ≥120/70 mm Hg. Nondipping blood pressure was defined as mean nighttime-to-daytime (10 am-8 pm) SBP ratio >0.90. RESULTS: Nocturnal hypertension was present in 57.9% of participants; 66.6% had nondipping blood pressure. The mean age was 59.4 years, 32.8% were male, and 56.0% were taking antihypertensive medication. The prevalence ratios (95% confidence interval) adjusted for age, sex, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and socioeconomic and psychosocial factors comparing participants with moderate and high to those with low percentage West African ancestry for nocturnal hypertension were 0.98 (0.87-1.10) and 0.95 (0.84-1.08), respectively, and for nondipping blood pressure was 0.96 (0.86-1.07) and 0.98 (0.88-1.09), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: West African ancestry was not associated with nocturnal hypertension and nondipping blood pressure among African Americans. While rare genetic variants cannot be ruled out, these data highlight the need to better understand how environmental and behavioral factors contribute to differences in nocturnal blood pressure among African Americans compared with European Americans.
BACKGROUND: African Americans have a higher prevalence of nocturnal hypertension and nondipping blood pressure than European Americans, but the genetic contribution to these racial differences remains unclear. We assessed the association of the percentage West African genetic ancestry with nocturnal hypertension and nondipping blood pressure in 932 African Americans from the Jackson Heart Study. METHODS: Using percentage West African ancestry determined from 389 ancestry informative markers, participants were categorized into tertiles (tertile 1 [low]: <79.3%, tertile 2: ≥79.3-86.3%, and tertile 3 [high]: >86.3%). Nocturnal hypertension was defined as mean nighttime (midnight-6 am) systolic (SBP)/diastolic blood pressure ≥120/70 mm Hg. Nondipping blood pressure was defined as mean nighttime-to-daytime (10 am-8 pm) SBP ratio >0.90. RESULTS: Nocturnal hypertension was present in 57.9% of participants; 66.6% had nondipping blood pressure. The mean age was 59.4 years, 32.8% were male, and 56.0% were taking antihypertensive medication. The prevalence ratios (95% confidence interval) adjusted for age, sex, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and socioeconomic and psychosocial factors comparing participants with moderate and high to those with low percentage West African ancestry for nocturnal hypertension were 0.98 (0.87-1.10) and 0.95 (0.84-1.08), respectively, and for nondipping blood pressure was 0.96 (0.86-1.07) and 0.98 (0.88-1.09), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: West African ancestry was not associated with nocturnal hypertension and nondipping blood pressure among African Americans. While rare genetic variants cannot be ruled out, these data highlight the need to better understand how environmental and behavioral factors contribute to differences in nocturnal blood pressure among African Americans compared with European Americans.
Authors: John M Flack; Domenic A Sica; George Bakris; Angela L Brown; Keith C Ferdinand; Richard H Grimm; W Dallas Hall; Wendell E Jones; David S Kountz; Janice P Lea; Samar Nasser; Shawna D Nesbitt; Elijah Saunders; Margaret Scisney-Matlock; Kenneth A Jamerson Journal: Hypertension Date: 2010-10-04 Impact factor: 10.190
Authors: Myra A Carpenter; Richard Crow; Michael Steffes; William Rock; Jeffrey Heilbraun; Gregory Evans; Thomas Skelton; Robert Jensen; Daniel Sarpong Journal: Am J Med Sci Date: 2004-09 Impact factor: 2.378
Authors: Rajesh Kumar; Max A Seibold; Melinda C Aldrich; L Keoki Williams; Alex P Reiner; Laura Colangelo; Joshua Galanter; Christopher Gignoux; Donglei Hu; Saunak Sen; Shweta Choudhry; Edward L Peterson; Jose Rodriguez-Santana; William Rodriguez-Cintron; Michael A Nalls; Tennille S Leak; Ellen O'Meara; Bernd Meibohm; Stephen B Kritchevsky; Rongling Li; Tamara B Harris; Deborah A Nickerson; Myriam Fornage; Paul Enright; Elad Ziv; Lewis J Smith; Kiang Liu; Esteban González Burchard Journal: N Engl J Med Date: 2010-07-07 Impact factor: 91.245
Authors: James G Wilson; Charles N Rotimi; Lynette Ekunwe; Charmaine D M Royal; Mary E Crump; Sharon B Wyatt; Michael W Steffes; Adebowale Adeyemo; Jie Zhou; Herman A Taylor; Cashell Jaquish Journal: Ethn Dis Date: 2005 Impact factor: 1.847
Authors: Thomas J Payne; Sharon B Wyatt; Thomas H Mosley; Patricia M Dubbert; Mary Lou Guiterrez-Mohammed; Rosie L Calvin; Herman A Taylor; David R Williams Journal: Ethn Dis Date: 2005 Impact factor: 1.847
Authors: Fouad Zakharia; Analabha Basu; Devin Absher; Themistocles L Assimes; Alan S Go; Mark A Hlatky; Carlos Iribarren; Joshua W Knowles; Jun Li; Balasubramanian Narasimhan; Steven Sidney; Audrey Southwick; Richard M Myers; Thomas Quertermous; Neil Risch; Hua Tang Journal: Genome Biol Date: 2009-12-22 Impact factor: 13.583
Authors: Roman Kosoy; Rami Nassir; Chao Tian; Phoebe A White; Lesley M Butler; Gabriel Silva; Rick Kittles; Marta E Alarcon-Riquelme; Peter K Gregersen; John W Belmont; Francisco M De La Vega; Michael F Seldin Journal: Hum Mutat Date: 2009-01 Impact factor: 4.878
Authors: Adam Auton; Lisa D Brooks; Richard M Durbin; Erik P Garrison; Hyun Min Kang; Jan O Korbel; Jonathan L Marchini; Shane McCarthy; Gil A McVean; Gonçalo R Abecasis Journal: Nature Date: 2015-10-01 Impact factor: 49.962
Authors: Christine Y Bakhoum; Ronit Katz; Joshua A Samuels; Tala Al-Rousan; Susan L Furth; Joachim H Ix; Pranav S Garimella Journal: Clin J Am Soc Nephrol Date: 2021-11-12 Impact factor: 8.237
Authors: Shreya Rao; Matthew W Segar; Adam P Bress; Pankaj Arora; Wanpen Vongpatanasin; Vijay Agusala; Utibe R Essien; Adolfo Correa; Alanna A Morris; James A de Lemos; Ambarish Pandey Journal: JAMA Cardiol Date: 2020-11-13 Impact factor: 14.676