Sabra L Katz-Wise1, Stephanie L Budge2, Ellen Fugate3, Kaleigh Flanagan4, Currie Touloumtzis5, Brian Rood6, Amaya Perez-Brumer7, Scott Leibowitz8. 1. Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. 2. Department of Counseling Psychology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, WI. 3. Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA. 4. Clinical Psychology Department, William James College, Newton, MA. 5. Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI. 6. Department of Psychology, Augsburg College, Minneapolis, MN. 7. Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY. 8. Department of Psychiatry, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: A growing body of research has examined transgender identity development, but no studies have investigated developmental pathways as a transactional process between youth and caregivers, incorporating perspectives from multiple family members. The aim of this study was to conceptualize pathways of transgender identity development using narratives from both transgender and gender nonconforming (TGN) youth and their cisgender (non-transgender) caregivers. METHODS: The sample included 16 families, with 16 TGN youth, ages 7-18 years, and 29 cisgender caregivers (N = 45 family members). TGN youth represented multiple gender identities, including trans boy (n = 9), trans girl (n = 5), gender fluid boy (n = 1), and girlish boy (n = 1). Caregivers included mothers (n = 17), fathers (n = 11), and one grandmother. Participants were recruited from LGBTQ community organizations and support networks for families with transgender youth in the Midwest, Northeast, and South regions of the United States. Each family member completed a one-time in-person semi-structured qualitative interview that included questions about transgender identity development. RESULTS: Analyses revealed seven overarching themes of transgender identity development, which were organized into a conceptual model: Trans identity development, sociocultural influences/societal discourse, biological influences, family adjustment/impact, stigma/cisnormativity, support/resources, and gender affirmation/actualization. CONCLUSIONS: Findings underscore the importance of assessing developmental processes among TGN youth as transactional, impacting both youth and their caregivers.
BACKGROUND: A growing body of research has examined transgender identity development, but no studies have investigated developmental pathways as a transactional process between youth and caregivers, incorporating perspectives from multiple family members. The aim of this study was to conceptualize pathways of transgender identity development using narratives from both transgender and gender nonconforming (TGN) youth and their cisgender (non-transgender) caregivers. METHODS: The sample included 16 families, with 16 TGN youth, ages 7-18 years, and 29 cisgender caregivers (N = 45 family members). TGN youth represented multiple gender identities, including trans boy (n = 9), trans girl (n = 5), gender fluid boy (n = 1), and girlish boy (n = 1). Caregivers included mothers (n = 17), fathers (n = 11), and one grandmother. Participants were recruited from LGBTQ community organizations and support networks for families with transgender youth in the Midwest, Northeast, and South regions of the United States. Each family member completed a one-time in-person semi-structured qualitative interview that included questions about transgender identity development. RESULTS: Analyses revealed seven overarching themes of transgender identity development, which were organized into a conceptual model: Trans identity development, sociocultural influences/societal discourse, biological influences, family adjustment/impact, stigma/cisnormativity, support/resources, and gender affirmation/actualization. CONCLUSIONS: Findings underscore the importance of assessing developmental processes among TGN youth as transactional, impacting both youth and their caregivers.
Authors: Amaya Perez-Brumer; Jack K Day; Stephen T Russell; Mark L Hatzenbuehler Journal: J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry Date: 2017-07-05 Impact factor: 8.829
Authors: Sabra L Katz-Wise; Eli G Godwin; Neeki Parsa; Courtney A Brown; Annie Pullen Sansfaçon; Roberta Goldman; Melissa MacNish; Milagros C Rosal; S Bryn Austin Journal: Psychol Sex Orientat Gend Divers Date: 2020-09-03
Authors: E Coleman; A E Radix; W P Bouman; G R Brown; A L C de Vries; M B Deutsch; R Ettner; L Fraser; M Goodman; J Green; A B Hancock; T W Johnson; D H Karasic; G A Knudson; S F Leibowitz; H F L Meyer-Bahlburg; S J Monstrey; J Motmans; L Nahata; T O Nieder; S L Reisner; C Richards; L S Schechter; V Tangpricha; A C Tishelman; M A A Van Trotsenburg; S Winter; K Ducheny; N J Adams; T M Adrián; L R Allen; D Azul; H Bagga; K Başar; D S Bathory; J J Belinky; D R Berg; J U Berli; R O Bluebond-Langner; M-B Bouman; M L Bowers; P J Brassard; J Byrne; L Capitán; C J Cargill; J M Carswell; S C Chang; G Chelvakumar; T Corneil; K B Dalke; G De Cuypere; E de Vries; M Den Heijer; A H Devor; C Dhejne; A D'Marco; E K Edmiston; L Edwards-Leeper; R Ehrbar; D Ehrensaft; J Eisfeld; E Elaut; L Erickson-Schroth; J L Feldman; A D Fisher; M M Garcia; L Gijs; S E Green; B P Hall; T L D Hardy; M S Irwig; L A Jacobs; A C Janssen; K Johnson; D T Klink; B P C Kreukels; L E Kuper; E J Kvach; M A Malouf; R Massey; T Mazur; C McLachlan; S D Morrison; S W Mosser; P M Neira; U Nygren; J M Oates; J Obedin-Maliver; G Pagkalos; J Patton; N Phanuphak; K Rachlin; T Reed; G N Rider; J Ristori; S Robbins-Cherry; S A Roberts; K A Rodriguez-Wallberg; S M Rosenthal; K Sabir; J D Safer; A I Scheim; L J Seal; T J Sehoole; K Spencer; C St Amand; T D Steensma; J F Strang; G B Taylor; K Tilleman; G G T'Sjoen; L N Vala; N M Van Mello; J F Veale; J A Vencill; B Vincent; L M Wesp; M A West; J Arcelus Journal: Int J Transgend Health Date: 2022-09-06
Authors: Marisa M Silveri; Eleanor M Schuttenberg; Kaya Schmandt; Elena R Stein; Maya M Rieselbach; Ariel Sternberg; Julia E Cohen-Gilbert; Sabra L Katz-Wise; Jennifer Urbano Blackford; Alexandra S Potter; Mona P Potter; Dana B Sarvey; Chad M McWhinnie; Jessica E Feinberg; Kathryn D Boger Journal: JAMA Netw Open Date: 2021-06-01