Introduction: Uterine adenomyosis, another enigmatic disease of our time.

Like endometriosis, uterine adenomyosis is another enigmatic disease and remains a source of controversy. Uterine adenomyosis is characterized by the presence of endometrial glands in the myometrium. Two main theories may explain its pathogenesis: adenomyosis may arise from invagination of the myometrial basalis into the myometrium; or an alternative theory maintains that it may result from metaplasia of displaced embryonic pluripotent müllerian remants or differentiation of adult stem cells. Uterine adenomyosis is responsible for pelvic pain, abnormal bleeding, and infertility. Its diagnosis may be improved by high quality imaging. This issue's Views and Reviews, authors stress the urgent need to establish some systematic classification. Medical and surgical strategies are discussed. It should be emphasized that treatment should be designed according to a patient's symptoms and an individual's needs. Surgical treatment remains a matter of debate. Indeed, the risk of uterine rupture during pregnancy after adenomyomectomy is a reality. Therefore, continued research into new molecules based on the pathogenic mechanisms is vital.