Oluwadara Oluwaseun Alegbeleye1, Ian Singleton2, Anderson S Sant'Ana3. 1. Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. 2. School of Applied Sciences, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK. 3. Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: and@unicamp.br.
Abstract
Foodborne illness resulting from the consumption of contaminated fresh produce is a common phenomenon and has severe effects on human health together with severe economic and social impacts. The implications of foodborne diseases associated with fresh produce have urged research into the numerous ways and mechanisms through which pathogens may gain access to produce, thereby compromising microbiological safety. This review provides a background on the various sources and pathways through which pathogenic bacteria contaminate fresh produce; the survival and proliferation of pathogens on fresh produce while growing and potential methods to reduce microbial contamination before harvest. Some of the established bacterial contamination sources include contaminated manure, irrigation water, soil, livestock/ wildlife, and numerous factors influence the incidence, fate, transport, survival and proliferation of pathogens in the wide variety of sources where they are found. Once pathogenic bacteria have been introduced into the growing environment, they can colonize and persist on fresh produce using a variety of mechanisms. Overall, microbiological hazards are significant; therefore, ways to reduce sources of contamination and a deeper understanding of pathogen survival and growth on fresh produce in the field are required to reduce risk to human health and the associated economic consequences.
Foodborne illness resulting from the consumption of contaminated fresh produce is a common phenomenon and has severe effects on pan class="Species">human health together with severe economic and social impacts. The implications of foodborne diseases associated with fresh produce have urged research into the numerous ways and mechanisms through which pathogens may gain access to produce, thereby compromising microbiological safety. This review provides a background on the various sources and pathways through which pathogenic bacteria contaminate fresh produce; the survival and proliferation of pathogens on fresh produce while growing and potential methods to reduce microbial contamination before harvest. Some of the established bacterial contamination sources include contaminated manure, irrigation water, soil, livestock/ wildlife, and numerous factors influence the incidence, fate, transport, survival and proliferation of pathogens in the wide variety of sources where they are found. Once pathogenic bacteria have been introduced into the growing environment, they can colonize and persist on fresh produce using a variety of mechanisms. Overall, microbiological hazards are significant; therefore, ways to reduce sources of contamination and a deeper understanding of pathogen survival and growth on fresh produce in the field are required to reduce risk to human health and the associated economic consequences.
Authors: Gro S Johannessen; Gunnar B Bengtsson; Berit T Heier; Sylvia Bredholt; Yngvild Wasteson; Liv Marit Rørvik Journal: Appl Environ Microbiol Date: 2005-05 Impact factor: 4.792
Authors: Betsy M Martínez-Vaz; Ryan C Fink; Francisco Diez-Gonzalez; Michael J Sadowsky Journal: Microbes Environ Date: 2014-05-23 Impact factor: 2.912
Authors: Paul G Becher; Sebastien Lebreton; Erika A Wallin; Erik Hedenström; Felipe Borrero; Marie Bengtsson; Volker Joerger; Peter Witzgall Journal: J Chem Ecol Date: 2018-04-03 Impact factor: 2.626
Authors: Sandipan Samaddar; Daniel S Karp; Radomir Schmidt; Naresh Devarajan; Jeffery A McGarvey; Alda F A Pires; Kate Scow Journal: Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci Date: 2021-08-04 Impact factor: 6.671
Authors: Konstantinos Koutsoumanis; Ana Allende; Avelino Álvarez-Ordóñez; Declan Bolton; Sara Bover-Cid; Marianne Chemaly; Robert Davies; Alessandra De Cesare; Lieve Herman; Friederike Hilbert; Roland Lindqvist; Maarten Nauta; Giuseppe Ru; Marion Simmons; Panagiotis Skandamis; Elisabetta Suffredini; Héctor Argüello; Thomas Berendonk; Lina Maria Cavaco; William Gaze; Heike Schmitt; Ed Topp; Beatriz Guerra; Ernesto Liébana; Pietro Stella; Luisa Peixe Journal: EFSA J Date: 2021-06-17