Hui Li1, Ying Wang1, Jiali Yang2, Xiaoming Liu2, Juan Shi2. 1. College of Clinical Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China. 2. General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The incidence of lung cancer is gradually increased, and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) has recently demonstrated to have an implication in the deoncogenesis and malignant transformation of many types of cancers. The aim of this study is to investigate impacts of CFTR on the malignant features of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. METHODS: The capacity of cell proliferation, migration, invasion and clonogenicity of non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells were detected by CCK8 cell proliferation assay, cell scratch assay, Transwell cell invasion assay and clone formation assay, respectively. Meanwhile, the effect of CFTR gene on the expression of cancer stem cell related transcriptional factors was also detected by immunoblotting (Western blot) assay. RESULTS: An overexpression of CFTR gene in A549 cells significantly inhibited the malignant capacity of A549 cells, including potencies of cell proliferation, migration, invasion and colony formation; while knockdown of CFTR gene expression by RNA interference in A549 cells resulted in an opposite effect seen in above cells overexpressing CFTR gene. Mechanistically, immunoblotting assay further revealed that the ectopic expression of CFTR gene led an inhibitory expression of stem cell-related transcriptional factors SOX2 and OCT3/4, and cancer stem cell surface marker CD133 in A549 cells, while a knockdown of CFTR expression yielded a moderately increased expression of these gene. However, an alteration of CFTR gene expression had neither effect on the expression of putative lung cancer stem cell marker aldehyde dehydrogenase1 (ALDH1), nor the frequency of ALDH1A-positive cells in A549 cells, as ascertained by the immunoblotting assay and cytometry analysis, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The CFTR exhibited an inhibitory role in the malignancy of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells, suggesting that it may be a novel potential target for lung cancer treatment. However, its functions in other lung adenocarcinoma cell lines and its underlying molecular mechanisms require further investigation.
BACKGROUND: The incidence of lung cancer is gradually increased, and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) has recently demonstrated to have an implication in the deoncogenesis and malignant transformation of many types of cancers. The aim of this study is to investigate impacts of CFTR on the malignant features of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells. METHODS: The capacity of cell proliferation, migration, invasion and clonogenicity of non-small cell lung cancerA549 cells were detected by CCK8 cell proliferation assay, cell scratch assay, Transwell cell invasion assay and clone formation assay, respectively. Meanwhile, the effect of CFTR gene on the expression of cancer stem cell related transcriptional factors was also detected by immunoblotting (Western blot) assay. RESULTS: An overexpression of CFTR gene in A549 cells significantly inhibited the malignant capacity of A549 cells, including potencies of cell proliferation, migration, invasion and colony formation; while knockdown of CFTR gene expression by RNA interference in A549 cells resulted in an opposite effect seen in above cells overexpressing CFTR gene. Mechanistically, immunoblotting assay further revealed that the ectopic expression of CFTR gene led an inhibitory expression of stem cell-related transcriptional factors SOX2 and OCT3/4, and cancer stem cell surface marker CD133 in A549 cells, while a knockdown of CFTR expression yielded a moderately increased expression of these gene. However, an alteration of CFTR gene expression had neither effect on the expression of putative lung cancer stem cell marker aldehyde dehydrogenase1 (ALDH1), nor the frequency of ALDH1A-positive cells in A549 cells, as ascertained by the immunoblotting assay and cytometry analysis, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The CFTR exhibited an inhibitory role in the malignancy of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells, suggesting that it may be a novel potential target for lung cancer treatment. However, its functions in other lung adenocarcinoma cell lines and its underlying molecular mechanisms require further investigation.
肺癌细胞系A549(CCL#185)购自American Type Culture Collection(ATCC, Mannasas, VA, USA)。腺病毒空载体Ad/BgLII、Ad/CFTR过表达腺病毒载体CFTR和CFTR表达干扰腺病毒载体Ad/CFTRi均实验室自行构建[。Ad/BgLII为E3区缺失的人源5型腺病毒空载体对照;Ad/CFTR为E3区缺失的CMV启动子驱使CFTR cDNA(序列号M28668.1,GI:180331)的过表达载体;Ad/CFTRi为E3区缺失的小鼠U6启动子驱使的靶向人CFTR mRNA的5’GGAAGAATTCTATTCTCAATCCAAT3’序列的短发卡RNA(shRNA)。实验中所用抗体见表 1。
1
实验中使用抗体信息表
Information of antibodies used in present study
Antigen
Host
Vendor
Catalog No
MW (kDa)
ALDH1A
Rabbit
Boster
BA3672
55
CD133
Rabbit
Abcam
Ab19898
110
CFTR
Mouse
Millipore
M3A705583
170
OCT3/4
Rat
RD Systems
MAB1759
46
SOX2
Rabbit
Proteintech
11064-1-AP
34
Beta-actin
Rabbit
Proteintech
20536
42
实验中使用抗体信息表Information of antibodies used in present study
The effect of CFTR on the proliferation of A549 cells determined by a CCK8 assay. The results showed that the overexpression of CFTR significantly inhibited the proliferative ability of A549 cells, while knockdown CFTR by shRNA enhanced the proliferative capacity of A549 cells. Compared between groups, *P < 0.05.
CCK8检测CFTR对肺腺癌增殖能力的影响。CCK8结果显示CFTR过表达明显抑制肺腺癌A549细胞增殖,而shRNA干扰下调CFTR表达促进A549细胞的增殖。*:表示组间比较,P < 0.05。The effect of CFTR on the proliferation of A549 cells determined by a CCK8 assay. The results showed that the overexpression of CFTR significantly inhibited the proliferative ability of A549 cells, while knockdown CFTR by shRNA enhanced the proliferative capacity of A549 cells. Compared between groups, *P < 0.05.
Effects of CFTR on the capacity of migration and invasion in A549 cells. Cell scratch (A) assay and transwell assay (B) were used for determining the capacity of CFTR on cell migration (A) and invasion (B). The results demonstrated that an overexpression of CFTR significantly inhibited the capacity of migration (A) and invasion (B) in A549 cells, while knockdown CFTR by shRNA enhanced the ability of migration (A) and invasion (B) in A549 cells. Compared between groups, *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01.
Effects of CFTR on clone formation in A549 cells. Cell clonogenicity assay demonstrated that an overexpression of CFTR significantly inhibited the clone formation in A549 cells, while knockdown CFTR by shRNA increased clone formation in A549 cells. Compared between groups, **P < 0.01.
CFTR对肺腺癌A549细胞迁移和侵袭能力的影响。细胞划痕(A)和Transwell实验(B)表明CFTR抑制A549细胞的迁移(A)和侵袭(B)能力,而shRNA干扰下调CFTR表达促进A549细胞的迁移(A)和侵袭(B)能力。*:表示组间比较,P < 0.05;**:表示组间比较,P < 0.01。Effects of CFTR on the capacity of migration and invasion in A549 cells. Cell scratch (A) assay and transwell assay (B) were used for determining the capacity of CFTR on cell migration (A) and invasion (B). The results demonstrated that an overexpression of CFTR significantly inhibited the capacity of migration (A) and invasion (B) in A549 cells, while knockdown CFTR by shRNA enhanced the ability of migration (A) and invasion (B) in A549 cells. Compared between groups, *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01.CFTR对肺腺癌A549细胞增殖能力的影响。细胞克隆形成实验显示过表达CFTR能够显著减低A549细胞克隆的形成,而shRNA干扰下调CFTR表达增强克隆形成能力。**:表示组间比较,P < 0.01。Effects of CFTR on clone formation in A549 cells. Cell clonogenicity assay demonstrated that an overexpression of CFTR significantly inhibited the clone formation in A549 cells, while knockdown CFTR by shRNA increased clone formation in A549 cells. Compared between groups, **P < 0.01.
The expression of stem cell related transcriptional factor genes and CSC markers detected by an immunoblotting assay. The immunoblotting results showed that an overexpression of CFTR led a moderately decreased expression of SOX2, Oct4 and CD133 in A549 cells, while knockdown of CFTR by shRNA resulted in a slightly increased expression of above genes. However, the CFTR had no effect on the expression of ALDH1. The number on the top of each blot represented as a relative fold of change of the protein of interest over the cell infected with Ad/BgLII as determined by a densitometeric assay.
Percentage of ALDH1-positive cells in A549 cells determined by a cytometric assay. The cytometric analysis of Ad/BgLII (A), Ad/CFTR (B) and Ad/CFTRi (C)-infected A549 cells exhibited no significant difference in the ALDH1-positive cell fraction (D), suggesting the CFTR had no effect on the ALDH1 expression in A549 cells in this study.
免疫印迹法检测肿瘤干细胞相关转录因子和肿瘤干细胞标记基因的表达。免疫印迹实验说明过表达CFTR抑制干细胞相关转录因子SOX2和OCT3/4,以及肿瘤干细胞标志CD133的表达,而shRNA干扰下调CFTR促进上述基因表达。但是CFTR对ALDH1的蛋白表达无影响。蛋白印迹上方数值为灰度分析后各种目的蛋白与Ad/BgLII感染细胞比较的相对表达变化倍数。The expression of stem cell related transcriptional factor genes and CSC markers detected by an immunoblotting assay. The immunoblotting results showed that an overexpression of CFTR led a moderately decreased expression of SOX2, Oct4 and CD133 in A549 cells, while knockdown of CFTR by shRNA resulted in a slightly increased expression of above genes. However, the CFTR had no effect on the expression of ALDH1. The number on the top of each blot represented as a relative fold of change of the protein of interest over the cell infected with Ad/BgLII as determined by a densitometeric assay.流式细胞术分析A549细胞的ALDH1阳性细胞率。流式细胞术分析Ad/BgLII(A)、Ad/CFTR(B)和Ad/CFTRi(C)病毒分别感染的A549细胞ALDH1细胞的阳性率。A-C图中左下角数值为ALDH1阳性细胞的百分率。D为各处理组ALDH阳性细胞的平均百分率。组间比较无统计学意义。Percentage of ALDH1-positive cells in A549 cells determined by a cytometric assay. The cytometric analysis of Ad/BgLII (A), Ad/CFTR (B) and Ad/CFTRi (C)-infected A549 cells exhibited no significant difference in the ALDH1-positive cell fraction (D), suggesting the CFTR had no effect on the ALDH1 expression in A549 cells in this study.
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