Chenmin Yao1, Jian Yu1, Yake Wang1, Chuliang Tang1, Cui Huang2. 1. The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China. 2. The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China. Electronic address: huangcui@whu.edu.cn.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Some silane-containing universal adhesives were introduced that a separate ceramic primer was unnecessary to glass-ceramic bonding because of incorporated silane. We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of silane in universal adhesives with acidic media. METHODS: A functional γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (γ-MPTS) was used, and its pH value was adjusted to 2.7 by adding hydrochloric acid (HCl) or 10-methacryloxydecyl phosphate (MDP). The prepared acidic silane solutions after 2h or 10d storage were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Micro-shear bond strength (μSBS) was used to evaluate the bonding performance of glass ceramics. Two silane-containing and two silane-free universal adhesives were included. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy fractography analysis was also performed. RESULTS: FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR revealed that the hydrolysis of γ-MPTS and the self-condensation reaction of silanol groups occurred over time under acidic conditions (HCl or MDP solution). This reaction formed the siloxane oligomers. For glass-ceramic bonding, the μSBS of acidic silane after 10 d storage was lower than that of silane stored for 2h storage (p<0.05), although the difference among the μSBS of the four universal adhesives were nonsignificant (p>0.05). Additionally, cohesive failure was the main fracture pattern of universal adhesive bonding. SIGNIFICANCE: The effectiveness of silane contained in low pH universal adhesives can be weakened by dehydration self-condensation and consequently became unstable. For the enhancement of glass-ceramic bonding efficiency with universal adhesives, a separate ceramic primer was recommended.
OBJECTIVES: Some silane-containing universal adhesives were introduced that a separate ceramic primer was unnecessary to glass-ceramic bonding because of incorporated silane. We aimed to investigate the effectiveness of silane in universal adhesives with acidic media. METHODS: A functional γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (γ-MPTS) was used, and its pH value was adjusted to 2.7 by adding hydrochloric acid (HCl) or 10-methacryloxydecyl phosphate (MDP). The prepared acidic silane solutions after 2h or 10d storage were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Micro-shear bond strength (μSBS) was used to evaluate the bonding performance of glass ceramics. Two silane-containing and two silane-free universal adhesives were included. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy fractography analysis was also performed. RESULTS: FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR revealed that the hydrolysis of γ-MPTS and the self-condensation reaction of silanol groups occurred over time under acidic conditions (HCl or MDP solution). This reaction formed the siloxane oligomers. For glass-ceramic bonding, the μSBS of acidic silane after 10 d storage was lower than that of silane stored for 2h storage (p<0.05), although the difference among the μSBS of the four universal adhesives were nonsignificant (p>0.05). Additionally, cohesive failure was the main fracture pattern of universal adhesive bonding. SIGNIFICANCE: The effectiveness of silane contained in low pH universal adhesives can be weakened by dehydration self-condensation and consequently became unstable. For the enhancement of glass-ceramic bonding efficiency with universal adhesives, a separate ceramic primer was recommended.
Authors: Matilde Almiro; Beatriz Marinho; António H S Delgado; João Rua; Paulo Monteiro; Inês Caetano Santos; Luís Proença; José João Mendes; Marco M M Gresnigt Journal: Materials (Basel) Date: 2022-03-10 Impact factor: 3.623