Yan Lin1, Pei-Gang Liu2, Wei-Qing Liang2, Yi-Juan Hu2, Pan Xu2, Jie Zhou2, Jin-Bao Pu2, Hong-Jian Zhang3. 1. Department of Pharmacy, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, 234 Gucui Road, Hangzhou 310012, PR China. 2. Center for Medicinal Resources Research, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 132 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou 310007, PR China. 3. Center for Medicinal Resources Research, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 132 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou 310007, PR China. Electronic address: zhanghongjian_zj@126.com.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Gnaphalium affine D. Don is a folk medicine of China believed to be efficacious in the treatment of many ailments, including hyperuricemia and gout. PURPOSE: Based on a previous study, we isolated two flavones, luteolin and luteolin-4'-O-glucoside, from G. affine. Our aim was to assess the potential beneficial effects of treatment and mechanisms of these two flavones on hyperuricemia and acute gouty arthritis. METHODS: The model of potassium oxonate (PO)-induced hyperuricemia and monosodium urate (MSU) crystal-induced inflammation in mice has been established. We evaluated serum uric acid (Sur), xanthine oxidase (XO) activity, protein expression of urate transporter 1 (mURAT1) and glucose transporter 9 (mGLUT9) in renal and kidney protection in a hyperuricemia model. In addition, paw swelling and levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in serum were assessed in MSU crystal-induced mice. RESULTS: Luteolin and luteolin-4'-O-glucoside showed a potent clinical effect in treating hyperuricemia and gout. We observed that the two flavones possess potent effect in hyperuricemia mice by decreasing the level of mURAT1 and inhibiting XO activity, which contribute to enhancing uric acid (UA) excretion and improving hyperuricemia-induced renal dysfunction. In addition, luteolin and luteolin-4'-O-glucoside also alleviated paw swelling and inflammation induced by MSU crystals. Further investigation implied that luteolin and luteolin-4'-O-glucoside improved the symptoms of inflammation by decreasing the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α. CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that luteolin and luteolin-4'-O-glucoside could be developed as therapeutics for treating hyperuricemia and gouty arthritis.
BACKGROUND:Gnaphalium affine D. Don is a folk medicine of China believed to be efficacious in the treatment of many ailments, including hyperuricemia and gout. PURPOSE: Based on a previous study, we isolated two flavones, luteolin and luteolin-4'-O-glucoside, from G. affine. Our aim was to assess the potential beneficial effects of treatment and mechanisms of these two flavones on hyperuricemia and acute gouty arthritis. METHODS: The model of potassium oxonate (PO)-induced hyperuricemia and monosodium urate (MSU) crystal-induced inflammation in mice has been established. We evaluated serum uric acid (Sur), xanthine oxidase (XO) activity, protein expression of urate transporter 1 (mURAT1) and glucose transporter 9 (mGLUT9) in renal and kidney protection in a hyperuricemia model. In addition, paw swelling and levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in serum were assessed in MSU crystal-induced mice. RESULTS:Luteolin and luteolin-4'-O-glucoside showed a potent clinical effect in treating hyperuricemia and gout. We observed that the two flavones possess potent effect in hyperuricemiamice by decreasing the level of mURAT1 and inhibiting XO activity, which contribute to enhancing uric acid (UA) excretion and improving hyperuricemia-induced renal dysfunction. In addition, luteolin and luteolin-4'-O-glucoside also alleviated paw swelling and inflammation induced by MSU crystals. Further investigation implied that luteolin and luteolin-4'-O-glucoside improved the symptoms of inflammation by decreasing the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α. CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that luteolin and luteolin-4'-O-glucoside could be developed as therapeutics for treating hyperuricemia and gouty arthritis.