Eva-Maria Strasser1, Marlene Hofmann2,3, Bernhard Franzke2,4, Barbara Schober-Halper2,3, Stefan Oesen2,3, Waltraud Jandrasits2,4, Alexandra Graf5, Markus Praschak6, Barbara Horvath-Mechtler7, Christine Krammer7, Martin Ploder8, Norbert Bachl2,3, Michael Quittan6, Karl-Heinz Wagner2,4, Barbara Wessner2,3. 1. Institute for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation/Karl Landsteiner Institute for Remobilisation and Functional Health, Kaiser Franz Joseph Hospital, Social Medical Center South, Vienna, Austria - eva-maria.strasser@wienkav.at. 2. Research Platform Active Ageing, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. 3. Center for Sport Science and University Sports, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. 4. Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. 5. Section for Medical Statistics, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. 6. Institute for Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation/Karl Landsteiner Institute for Remobilisation and Functional Health, Kaiser Franz Joseph Hospital, Social Medical Center South, Vienna, Austria. 7. Institute of Radiology, Kaiser Franz Joseph Hospital, Social Medical Center South, Vienna, Austria. 8. Department of Pediatric Surgery, Social Medical Center East, Donauspital, Vienna, Austria.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Age related loss of skeletal muscle mass is accompanied by changes in muscle quality leading to impairment of functional status. AIM: This study investigated the effect of resistance training and nutritional supply on muscle mass and muscle quality in very old institutionalized adults. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, multi-arm parallel and controlled intervention study. SETTING: This study was conducted in five retirement care facilities. POPULATION: This subgroup of the Vienna Active Ageing Study included 54 women and men (82.4±6.0 years) with impaired health status. Participants were randomly assigned either to elastic band resistance training (N.=16), training with nutritional supplementation (N.=21) or control group (N.=17). METHODS:Health status was assessed at baseline with functional tests, cognitive status, nutritional status, sum of medications as well as sum of diseases. Skeletal muscle mass, determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, isokinetic knee extension and flexion force and handgrip strength were assessed at baseline and after 6 months. Muscle quality of lower extremities was defined as ratio of the extensor (MQ_LE (Ext.)) or flexor strength (MQ_LE (Flex.)) to lean leg mass. Muscle quality of upper extremity was defined as ratio of handgrip strength to lean arm mass. Follow-up examinations were performed after 12 and 18 months of intervention. RESULTS:Muscle quality, but not muscle mass, showed significant correlations to functional tests at baseline (0.300 - 0.614, P<0.05). Resistance training significantly enhanced muscle quality of lower extremity after 6 months (MQ_LE (Ext.) +19.8%, MQ_LE (Flex.) +30.8%, P<0.05). Nutritional supplementation could not further increase the training effect. Participants with lower muscle quality at baseline benefit most from the training intervention. Skeletal muscle mass was not changed by any intervention. CONCLUSIONS:Resistance training with elastic bands improved muscle quality in very old people. Additional nutritional supplementation was not able to further improve the effects obtained by training alone. CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT: Elastic band resistance training could be safely used to improve muscle quality even in old people with impaired health status. Weak and chronically ill participants benefit most from this training.
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND: Age related loss of skeletal muscle mass is accompanied by changes in muscle quality leading to impairment of functional status. AIM: This study investigated the effect of resistance training and nutritional supply on muscle mass and muscle quality in very old institutionalized adults. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, multi-arm parallel and controlled intervention study. SETTING: This study was conducted in five retirement care facilities. POPULATION: This subgroup of the Vienna Active Ageing Study included 54 women and men (82.4±6.0 years) with impaired health status. Participants were randomly assigned either to elastic band resistance training (N.=16), training with nutritional supplementation (N.=21) or control group (N.=17). METHODS: Health status was assessed at baseline with functional tests, cognitive status, nutritional status, sum of medications as well as sum of diseases. Skeletal muscle mass, determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, isokinetic knee extension and flexion force and handgrip strength were assessed at baseline and after 6 months. Muscle quality of lower extremities was defined as ratio of the extensor (MQ_LE (Ext.)) or flexor strength (MQ_LE (Flex.)) to lean leg mass. Muscle quality of upper extremity was defined as ratio of handgrip strength to lean arm mass. Follow-up examinations were performed after 12 and 18 months of intervention. RESULTS: Muscle quality, but not muscle mass, showed significant correlations to functional tests at baseline (0.300 - 0.614, P<0.05). Resistance training significantly enhanced muscle quality of lower extremity after 6 months (MQ_LE (Ext.) +19.8%, MQ_LE (Flex.) +30.8%, P<0.05). Nutritional supplementation could not further increase the training effect. Participants with lower muscle quality at baseline benefit most from the training intervention. Skeletal muscle mass was not changed by any intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Resistance training with elastic bands improved muscle quality in very old people. Additional nutritional supplementation was not able to further improve the effects obtained by training alone. CLINICAL REHABILITATION IMPACT: Elastic band resistance training could be safely used to improve muscle quality even in old people with impaired health status. Weak and chronically ill participants benefit most from this training.
Authors: Luis Galhardas; Armando Raimundo; Jesús Del Pozo-Cruz; José Marmeleira Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2022-04-21 Impact factor: 4.614
Authors: Pedro Pugliesi Abdalla; Lucimere Bohn; Leonardo Santos Lopes da Silva; André Pereira Dos Santos; Marcio Fernando Tasinafo Junior; Ana Claudia Rossini Venturini; Anderson Dos Santos Carvalho; David Martinez Gomez; Jorge Mota; Dalmo Roberto Lopes Machado Journal: BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil Date: 2021-12-18
Authors: Kora Portilla-Cueto; Carlos Medina-Pérez; Ena Monserrat Romero-Pérez; Gabriel Núñez-Othón; Mario A Horta-Gim; José Antonio de Paz Journal: Medicina (Kaunas) Date: 2022-02-19 Impact factor: 2.430