Xingjian Liu1, Nikhil Khadtare1, Hardek Patel1, Ralph Stephani1, Jerome Cantor2. 1. College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA. 2. College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St John's University, Queens, NY, 11439, USA. jocantor1@gmail.com.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: A number of studies indicate that endothelin-1 (ET-1) may act as an inflammatory cell "gatekeeper," by regulating the influx of neutrophils following pulmonary injury. To further examine the role of ET-1 in modulating lung inflammation, hamsters were treated with an endothelin receptor antagonist (ERA), HJP272, either 1 h prior to intratracheal instillation of amiodarone (AM) or 24 h afterwards. METHODS: In both cases, the extent of lung injury and repair was determined by (1) histopathological changes; (2) neutrophil content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF); (3) lung collagen content; (4) tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 expression by BALF macrophages; (5) BALF levels of (a) transforming growth factor beta-1, (b) stromal cell-derived factor 1 (commonly referred to as CXCL12), and (c) platelet-derived growth factor BB; (6) alveolar septal cell apoptosis. RESULTS: For each parameter, pretreatment with HJP272 resulted in a significant reduction compared to AM alone, whereas post-treatment was either ineffective or produced only a marginally significant change, suggesting that the course of lung inflammation and repair is programmed at a very early stage. CONCLUSIONS: This finding may explain why ERAs are not an effective treatment for human pulmonary fibrosis. Nevertheless, they may be useful as an adjunct to therapeutic regimens involving drugs that have fibrogenic potential.
INTRODUCTION: A number of studies indicate that endothelin-1 (ET-1) may act as an inflammatory cell "gatekeeper," by regulating the influx of neutrophils following pulmonary injury. To further examine the role of ET-1 in modulating lung inflammation, hamsters were treated with an endothelin receptor antagonist (ERA), HJP272, either 1 h prior to intratracheal instillation of amiodarone (AM) or 24 h afterwards. METHODS: In both cases, the extent of lung injury and repair was determined by (1) histopathological changes; (2) neutrophil content in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF); (3) lung collagen content; (4) tumornecrosis factor receptor 1 expression by BALF macrophages; (5) BALF levels of (a) transforming growth factor beta-1, (b) stromal cell-derived factor 1 (commonly referred to as CXCL12), and (c) platelet-derived growth factor BB; (6) alveolar septal cell apoptosis. RESULTS: For each parameter, pretreatment with HJP272 resulted in a significant reduction compared to AM alone, whereas post-treatment was either ineffective or produced only a marginally significant change, suggesting that the course of lung inflammation and repair is programmed at a very early stage. CONCLUSIONS: This finding may explain why ERAs are not an effective treatment for humanpulmonary fibrosis. Nevertheless, they may be useful as an adjunct to therapeutic regimens involving drugs that have fibrogenic potential.
Authors: Roderick J Phillips; Marie D Burdick; Kurt Hong; Marin A Lutz; Lynne A Murray; Ying Ying Xue; John A Belperio; Michael P Keane; Robert M Strieter Journal: J Clin Invest Date: 2004-08 Impact factor: 14.808
Authors: Ganesh Raghu; Juergen Behr; Kevin K Brown; Jim J Egan; Steven M Kawut; Kevin R Flaherty; Fernando J Martinez; Steven D Nathan; Athol U Wells; Harold R Collard; Ulrich Costabel; Luca Richeldi; Joao de Andrade; Nasreen Khalil; Lake D Morrison; David J Lederer; Lixin Shao; Xiaoming Li; Patty S Pedersen; A Bruce Montgomery; Jason W Chien; Thomas G O'Riordan Journal: Ann Intern Med Date: 2013-05-07 Impact factor: 25.391