Gianni Belcaro1,2, Umberto Cornelli3,4, Mark Dugall3, Morio Hosoi3,4, Roberto Cotellese3, Beatrice Feragalli3. 1. Irvine3 Labs, Department of Medical Sciences and Biotechnologies, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy - cardres@abol.it. 2. International Agency for Pharmacological Supplement Standard (IAPSS), Pescara, Italy - cardres@abol.it. 3. Irvine3 Labs, Department of Medical Sciences and Biotechnologies, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy. 4. International Agency for Pharmacological Supplement Standard (IAPSS), Pescara, Italy.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: This registry study evaluated the effects of Pycnogenol® on edema and thrombotic complications in long-haul flights; jet lag was also evaluated. METHODS: Four hundred and fifty subjects at different risk levels for thrombosis, flying in economy class twice a week for more than 8 hours, were included; 295 completed the registry study and were subdivided in 3 groups according to their risk level - low, moderate, or high. The high-risk group also received Aspirin®. A standard management (SM) was used in all groups. In each risk category, three groups were made according to patient management: a Pycnogenol group, a SM group (control), and a stockings group. The groups were comparable at inclusion. No side effects were observed. RESULTS: In the low risk group edema were reduced more (P<0.05) with Pycnogenol and stockings compared to control. Ankle circumference was smaller with Pycnogenol (P<0.05). No thrombosis was detected. D-dimer was negative in Pycnogenol subjects; one subject in the control group had increased values, as did two of the 36 subjects in the stockings group. In the group with moderate risk, edema and ankle circumference were lower in the Pycnogenol group (P<0.05). One deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and one minimal superficial vein thrombosis (SVT) were seen in controls. D-dimer was normal in the Pycnogenol group. In high-risk subjects, edema, and ankle circumference were significantly reduced in the Pycnogenol group (P<0.05). There were no SVT or DVT in the Pycnogenol group. One minimal DVT and one SVT were observed in controls. D-dimer was negative in all Pycnogenol subjects (P<0.05); three post-flight values increased in controls and in four of the 32 subjects in the stockings group. The jet lag score was lower in low-, medium-, and high-risk Pycnogenol subjects (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This registry study indicates that Pycnogenol supplementation reduces edema and may control some thrombotic events.
BACKGROUND: This registry study evaluated the effects of Pycnogenol® on edema and thrombotic complications in long-haul flights; jet lag was also evaluated. METHODS: Four hundred and fifty subjects at different risk levels for thrombosis, flying in economy class twice a week for more than 8 hours, were included; 295 completed the registry study and were subdivided in 3 groups according to their risk level - low, moderate, or high. The high-risk group also received Aspirin®. A standard management (SM) was used in all groups. In each risk category, three groups were made according to patient management: a Pycnogenol group, a SM group (control), and a stockings group. The groups were comparable at inclusion. No side effects were observed. RESULTS: In the low risk group edema were reduced more (P<0.05) with Pycnogenol and stockings compared to control. Ankle circumference was smaller with Pycnogenol (P<0.05). No thrombosis was detected. D-dimer was negative in Pycnogenol subjects; one subject in the control group had increased values, as did two of the 36 subjects in the stockings group. In the group with moderate risk, edema and ankle circumference were lower in the Pycnogenol group (P<0.05). One deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and one minimal superficial vein thrombosis (SVT) were seen in controls. D-dimer was normal in the Pycnogenol group. In high-risk subjects, edema, and ankle circumference were significantly reduced in the Pycnogenol group (P<0.05). There were no SVT or DVT in the Pycnogenol group. One minimal DVT and one SVT were observed in controls. D-dimer was negative in all Pycnogenol subjects (P<0.05); three post-flight values increased in controls and in four of the 32 subjects in the stockings group. The jet lag score was lower in low-, medium-, and high-risk Pycnogenol subjects (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This registry study indicates that Pycnogenol supplementation reduces edema and may control some thrombotic events.
Authors: Isla McKerrow Johnson; Joseph Shatzel; Sven Olson; Tovah Kohl; Andrew Hamilton; Thomas G DeLoughery Journal: Wilderness Environ Med Date: 2022-03-31 Impact factor: 1.479