Vera Schmid1,2,3, Stephanie Kullmann1,2, Wieland Gfrörer4, Verena Hund4, Manfred Hallschmid1,2,5, Hans-Peter Lipp4, Hans-Ulrich Häring1,2,3, Hubert Preissl1,2,3,6,7, Andreas Fritsche1,2,3, Martin Heni1,2,3. 1. Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases of the Helmholtz Center, Munich, at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. 2. German Centre for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Tübingen, Germany. 3. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Angiology, Nephrology and Clinical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. 4. University Pharmacy, University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany. 5. Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. 6. Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Centre at Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Centre for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany. 7. Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
Abstract
AIMS: To conduct a review in order to assess the safety of intranasal human insulin in clinical studies as well as the temporal stability of nasal insulin sprays. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An electronic search was performed using MEDLINE. We selected original research on intranasal human insulin without further additives in humans. The studies included could be of any design as long as they used human intranasal insulin as their study product. All outcomes and adverse side effects were extracted. RESULTS: A total of 38 studies in 1092 individuals receiving acute human intranasal insulin treatment and 18 studies in 832 individuals receiving human intranasal insulin treatment lasting between 21 days and 9.7 years were identified. No cases of symptomatic hypoglycaemia or severe adverse events (AEs) were reported. Transient local side effects in the nasal area were frequently experienced after intranasal insulin and placebo spray, while other AEs were less commonly reported. There were no reports of participants being excluded as a result of AEs. No instances of temporal stability of nasal insulin were reported in the literature. Tests on insulin that had been repacked into spray flasks showed that it had a chemical stability of up to 57 days. CONCLUSIONS: Our retrospective review of published studies on intranasal insulin did not reveal any safety concerns; however, there were insufficient data to ensure the long-term safety of this method of chronic insulin administration. Improved insulin preparations that cause less nasal irritation would be desirable for future treatment.
AIMS: To conduct a review in order to assess the safety of intranasal humaninsulin in clinical studies as well as the temporal stability of nasal insulin sprays. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An electronic search was performed using MEDLINE. We selected original research on intranasal humaninsulin without further additives in humans. The studies included could be of any design as long as they used human intranasal insulin as their study product. All outcomes and adverse side effects were extracted. RESULTS: A total of 38 studies in 1092 individuals receiving acute human intranasal insulin treatment and 18 studies in 832 individuals receiving human intranasal insulin treatment lasting between 21 days and 9.7 years were identified. No cases of symptomatic hypoglycaemia or severe adverse events (AEs) were reported. Transient local side effects in the nasal area were frequently experienced after intranasal insulin and placebo spray, while other AEs were less commonly reported. There were no reports of participants being excluded as a result of AEs. No instances of temporal stability of nasal insulin were reported in the literature. Tests on insulin that had been repacked into spray flasks showed that it had a chemical stability of up to 57 days. CONCLUSIONS: Our retrospective review of published studies on intranasal insulin did not reveal any safety concerns; however, there were insufficient data to ensure the long-term safety of this method of chronic insulin administration. Improved insulin preparations that cause less nasal irritation would be desirable for future treatment.
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