Combining microwave irradiation with sodium citrate addition improves the pre-treatment on anaerobic digestion of excess sewage sludge.

This study investigated the synergistic effect of sodium citrate (SC; Na3C3H5O(COO)3) and microwave (MW) treatment on the efficiency of the anaerobic digestion of excess sewage sludge. In terms of the methane yield, an increase of the digestion's efficiency was observed. Taking into account the cost for the MW energy supplied to the system, the optimum treatment conditions were a MW energy input of 20 MJ/kg TS and a SC concentration of 0.11 g/g TS, obtaining a methane yield of 218.88 ml/g VS, i.e., an increase of 147.7% compared to the control. MW treatment was found to break the sludge structure, thereby improving the release of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and volatile fatty acids (VFAs). The treatment of sodium citrate further strengthened the breakage of loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances (LB-EPS) and tightly bound extracellular polymeric substances (TB-EPS). The increased VFA content stressed the improved digestion by this pretreatment. Furthermore, the preliminary economic analysis showed that at this point in the research, only operational but no financial gains were achieved.