Antibiotic Prophylaxis and Prevention of Surgical Site Infection in Shoulder and Elbow Surgery.

Infection after orthopedic procedures is a devastating and serious complication associated with significant clinical and financial challenges to the health care system and unfortunate patient. The time and resource-intensive nature of treating infection after orthopedic procedures has turned attention toward enhancing prevention and establishing quality improvement measures. Prevention strategies throughout the perioperative period include host optimization, risk mitigation, reducing bacterial burden and proper wound management. Understanding the most common offending organisms of the shoulder, Propionibacterium acnes and coagulase negative Staphylococcus species, and their hypothesized mechanism of infection is crucial to selecting appropriate preventative measures.