Probing the shear modulus of two-dimensional multiplanar nanostructures and heterostructures.

Generalized high-fidelity closed-form formulae have been developed to predict the shear modulus of hexagonal graphene-like monolayer nanostructures and nano-heterostructures based on a physically insightful analytical approach. Hexagonal nano-structural forms (top view) are common for nanomaterials with monoplanar (such as graphene and hBN) and multiplanar (such as stanene and MoS2) configurations. However, a single-layer nanomaterial may not possess a particular property adequately, or multiple desired properties simultaneously. Recently, a new trend has emerged to develop nano-heterostructures by assembling multiple monolayers of different nanostructures to achieve various tunable desired properties simultaneously. Shear modulus assumes an important role in characterizing the applicability of different two-dimensional nanomaterials and heterostructures in various nanoelectromechanical systems such as determining the resonance frequency of vibration modes involving torsion, wrinkling and rippling behavior of two-dimensional materials. We have developed mechanics-based closed-form formulae for the shear modulus of monolayer nanostructures and multi-layer nano-heterostructures. New results of shear modulus are presented for different classes of nanostructures (graphene, hBN, stanene and MoS2) and nano-heterostructures (graphene-hBN, graphene-MoS2, graphene-stanene and stanene-MoS2), which are categorized on the basis of fundamental structural configurations. The numerical values of shear modulus are compared with the results from the scientific literature (as available) and separate molecular dynamics simulations, wherein a good agreement is noticed. The proposed analytical expressions will enable the scientific community to efficiently evaluate shear modulus of a wide range of nanostructures and nanoheterostructures.