Frank J Wolters1, Reffat A Segufa2, Sirwan K L Darweesh3, Daniel Bos4, Mohammad Arfan Ikram5, Behnam Sabayan6, Albert Hofman7, Sanaz Sedaghat8. 1. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: f.j.wolters@erasmusmc.nl. 2. Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands. 3. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. 4. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. 5. Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. 6. Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA. 7. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: ahofman@hsph.harvard.edu. 8. Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular risk factors are closely linked with dementia risk, but whether heart disease predisposes to dementia is uncertain. METHODS: We systematically reviewed the literature and meta-analyzed risk estimates from longitudinal studies reporting the association of coronary heart disease (CHD) or heart failure (HF) with risk of dementia. RESULTS: We identified 16 studies (1,309,483 individuals) regarding CHD, and seven studies (1,958,702 individuals) about HF. A history of CHD was associated with a 27% increased risk of dementia (pooled relative risk [RR] [95% confidence interval, CI]: 1.27 [1.07-1.50]), albeit with considerable heterogeneity across studies (I2 = 80%). HF was associated with 60% increased dementia risk (pooled RR 1.60 [1.19-2.13]) with moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 59%). Among prospective population-based cohorts, pooled estimates were similar (for CHD, RR 1.26 [1.06-1.49], nine studies; and HF, RR 1.80 [1.41-2.31], four studies) and highly consistent (I2 = 0%). CONCLUSION: CHD and HF are associated with an increased risk of dementia.
INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular risk factors are closely linked with dementia risk, but whether heart disease predisposes to dementia is uncertain. METHODS: We systematically reviewed the literature and meta-analyzed risk estimates from longitudinal studies reporting the association of coronary heart disease (CHD) or heart failure (HF) with risk of dementia. RESULTS: We identified 16 studies (1,309,483 individuals) regarding CHD, and seven studies (1,958,702 individuals) about HF. A history of CHD was associated with a 27% increased risk of dementia (pooled relative risk [RR] [95% confidence interval, CI]: 1.27 [1.07-1.50]), albeit with considerable heterogeneity across studies (I2 = 80%). HF was associated with 60% increased dementia risk (pooled RR 1.60 [1.19-2.13]) with moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 59%). Among prospective population-based cohorts, pooled estimates were similar (for CHD, RR 1.26 [1.06-1.49], nine studies; and HF, RR 1.80 [1.41-2.31], four studies) and highly consistent (I2 = 0%). CONCLUSION: CHD and HF are associated with an increased risk of dementia.
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