Eric H Rosenfeld1, Richard Sola2, Yangyang Yu3, Shawn D St Peter4, Sohail R Shah5. 1. Texas Children's Hospital / Baylor College of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Surgery, 6701 Fannin Suite 1210, Houston, TX 77030, United States. Electronic address: ehrosenfe@bcm.edu. 2. Children's Mercy Hospital, Division of Pediatric Surgery, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108, United States. Electronic address: rsola@cmh.edu. 3. Texas Children's Hospital / Baylor College of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Surgery, 6701 Fannin Suite 1210, Houston, TX 77030, United States. Electronic address: yxyangya@texaschildrens.org. 4. Children's Mercy Hospital, Division of Pediatric Surgery, 2401 Gillham Road, Kansas City, MO 64108, United States. Electronic address: sspeter@cmh.edu. 5. Texas Children's Hospital / Baylor College of Medicine, Division of Pediatric Surgery, 6701 Fannin Suite 1210, Houston, TX 77030, United States. Electronic address: sohailshahmd@gmail.com.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To review current management and outcomes of ingested batteries and develop a clinical management algorithm. METHODS: Children <18years old who ingested a battery between 1/2011 and 9/2016 at two tertiary care children's hospitals were reviewed. Demographics, imaging, management and outcomes were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square and Wilcoxon Rank-sum tests. RESULTS: There were 180 battery ingestions. The median age was 3.9 (range 0.7-18) years, with 78 (43%) males. The most common symptoms were abdominal pain (17%) and nausea/vomiting (14%). Diagnosis was confirmed with plain radiographs in 170 (94%) patients. Locations on imaging were: stomach (37%), small bowel (24%), esophagus (18%), colon (11%), and non-specific location past the gastroesophageal junction (9%). Treatment was dictated by five different subspecialties including surgery (35%), gastroenterology (25%), emergency medicine (19%), primary care/emergency with a consulting service (13%), and otolaryngology (8%). All esophageal batteries (n=33) had an intervention. Interventions included fluoroscopic balloon extraction (6 attempted, 33% retrieval rate), rigid esophagoscopy (26 attempted, 96% retrieval rate), and EGD (6 attempted, 83% retrieval rate). For batteries distal to the gastroesophageal junction 16 (11%) patients had an intervention. Interventions included EGD (13 patients, 69% retrieval), colonoscopy (1 patient, successful retrieval), and abdominal surgery in two patients. CONCLUSION: Isolated batteries that pass the gastroesophageal junction rarely require intervention and can be managed conservatively. Given the variability in managing these patients, we developed an evidence based algorithm. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 2. STUDY TYPE: Retrospective Study.
PURPOSE: To review current management and outcomes of ingested batteries and develop a clinical management algorithm. METHODS:Children <18years old who ingested a battery between 1/2011 and 9/2016 at two tertiary care children's hospitals were reviewed. Demographics, imaging, management and outcomes were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square and Wilcoxon Rank-sum tests. RESULTS: There were 180 battery ingestions. The median age was 3.9 (range 0.7-18) years, with 78 (43%) males. The most common symptoms were abdominal pain (17%) and nausea/vomiting (14%). Diagnosis was confirmed with plain radiographs in 170 (94%) patients. Locations on imaging were: stomach (37%), small bowel (24%), esophagus (18%), colon (11%), and non-specific location past the gastroesophageal junction (9%). Treatment was dictated by five different subspecialties including surgery (35%), gastroenterology (25%), emergency medicine (19%), primary care/emergency with a consulting service (13%), and otolaryngology (8%). All esophageal batteries (n=33) had an intervention. Interventions included fluoroscopic balloon extraction (6 attempted, 33% retrieval rate), rigid esophagoscopy (26 attempted, 96% retrieval rate), and EGD (6 attempted, 83% retrieval rate). For batteries distal to the gastroesophageal junction 16 (11%) patients had an intervention. Interventions included EGD (13 patients, 69% retrieval), colonoscopy (1 patient, successful retrieval), and abdominal surgery in two patients. CONCLUSION: Isolated batteries that pass the gastroesophageal junction rarely require intervention and can be managed conservatively. Given the variability in managing these patients, we developed an evidence based algorithm. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level 2. STUDY TYPE: Retrospective Study.
Authors: Elizabeth M Sinclair; Maneesha Agarwal; Matthew T Santore; Cary G Sauer; Erica L Riedesel Journal: Pediatr Emerg Care Date: 2022-03-29 Impact factor: 1.602
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