Delfien Syx1,2, Phuong B Tran2, Rachel E Miller2, Anne-Marie Malfait3. 1. Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, Ghent, Belgium. 2. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St, Suite 510, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA. 3. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Rush University Medical Center, 1611 W. Harrison St, Suite 510, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA. anne-marie_malfait@rush.edu.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis and a major source of pain and disability worldwide. OA-associated pain is usually refractory to classically used analgesics, and disease-modifying therapies are still lacking. Therefore, a better understanding of mechanisms and mediators contributing to the generation and maintenance of OA pain is critical for the development of efficient and safe pain-relieving therapies. RECENT FINDINGS: Both peripheral and central mechanisms contribute to OA pain. Clinical evidence suggests that a strong peripheral nociceptive drive from the affected joint maintains pain and central sensitization associated with OA. Mediators present in the OA joint, including nerve growth factor, chemokines, cytokines, and inflammatory cells can contribute to sensitization. Furthermore, structural alterations in joint innervation and nerve damage occur in the course of OA. Several interrelated pathological processes, including joint damage, structural reorganization of joint afferents, low-grade inflammation, neuroplasticity, and nerve damage all contribute to the pain observed in OA. It can be anticipated that elucidating exactly how these mechanisms are operational in the course of progressive OA may lead to the identification of novel targets for intervention.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritis and a major source of pain and disability worldwide. OA-associated pain is usually refractory to classically used analgesics, and disease-modifying therapies are still lacking. Therefore, a better understanding of mechanisms and mediators contributing to the generation and maintenance of OA pain is critical for the development of efficient and safe pain-relieving therapies. RECENT FINDINGS: Both peripheral and central mechanisms contribute to OA pain. Clinical evidence suggests that a strong peripheral nociceptive drive from the affected joint maintains pain and central sensitization associated with OA. Mediators present in the OA joint, including nerve growth factor, chemokines, cytokines, and inflammatory cells can contribute to sensitization. Furthermore, structural alterations in joint innervation and nerve damage occur in the course of OA. Several interrelated pathological processes, including joint damage, structural reorganization of joint afferents, low-grade inflammation, neuroplasticity, and nerve damage all contribute to the pain observed in OA. It can be anticipated that elucidating exactly how these mechanisms are operational in the course of progressive OA may lead to the identification of novel targets for intervention.
Authors: Carla R Scanzello; Brian McKeon; Bryan H Swaim; Edward DiCarlo; Eva U Asomugha; Veero Kanda; Anjali Nair; David M Lee; John C Richmond; Jeffrey N Katz; Mary K Crow; Steven R Goldring Journal: Arthritis Rheum Date: 2011-02
Authors: V B Kraus; G McDaniel; J L Huebner; T V Stabler; C F Pieper; S W Shipes; N A Petry; P S Low; J Shen; T A McNearney; P Mitchell Journal: Osteoarthritis Cartilage Date: 2016-04-12 Impact factor: 6.576
Authors: Sadaf Ashraf; Helen Wibberley; Paul Ian Mapp; Roger Hill; Deborah Wilson; David Andrew Walsh Journal: Ann Rheum Dis Date: 2010-11-15 Impact factor: 19.103
Authors: Katia Burgi; Marina T Cavalleri; Adilson S Alves; Luiz R G Britto; Vagner R Antunes; Lisete C Michelini Journal: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol Date: 2010-12-09 Impact factor: 3.619
Authors: B J E de Lange-Brokaar; M Kloppenburg; S N Andersen; A L Dorjée; E Yusuf; L Herb-van Toorn; H M Kroon; A-M Zuurmond; V Stojanovic-Susulic; J L Bloem; R G H H Nelissen; R E M Toes; A Ioan-Facsinay Journal: Osteoarthritis Cartilage Date: 2015-12-06 Impact factor: 6.576
Authors: Seungyup Sun; Nicklaus H Diggins; Zachary J Gunderson; Jill C Fehrenbacher; Fletcher A White; Melissa A Kacena Journal: Bone Date: 2019-11-09 Impact factor: 4.398
Authors: Kelsey H Collins; Kristin L Lenz; Eleanor N Pollitt; Daniel Ferguson; Irina Hutson; Luke E Springer; Arin K Oestreich; Ruhang Tang; Yun-Rak Choi; Gretchen A Meyer; Steven L Teitelbaum; Christine T N Pham; Charles A Harris; Farshid Guilak Journal: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A Date: 2021-01-05 Impact factor: 11.205