Effects of grazing exclusion on the grassland ecosystems of mountain meadows and temperate typical steppe in a mountain-basin system in Central Asia's arid regions, China.

Grazing exclusion has been proposed as a method of restoring degraded grassland ecosystems. However, its effectiveness remains poorly understood in mountain-basin grasslands in arid regions. Thus, we investigated the plant community characteristics, C and N storage levels, and soil organic carbon and total nitrogen concentrations and storage within the upper 0-40 cm soil layer in a grazed grassland (GG) and a fenced grassland (FG) with grazing exclusion in mountain meadow (MM) and temperate typical steppe (TTS) habitats in a mountain-basin ecosystem in an arid region of Central China, which are both vital grassland resources for livestock grazing and ecological conservation. In MM, our investigation revealed that grazing exclusion was beneficial to the productivity, coverage, height, diversity, and C and N storage of aboveground plants. However, grazing exclusion was not an effective option for soil C and N sequestration. In TTS, grazing exclusion effectively improved the plant productivity, coverage, height, plant and soil C and N sequestration, although it was not beneficial for maintaining plant diversity. Our findings suggest that reduced or rotational grazing may be a better choice than grazing exclusion in MM. In addition, considering the trade-off between biomass productivity and species diversity in TTS, short-term grazing exclusion should be considered. Additionally, grazing exclusion should be combined with other appropriate measures rather than operating on a standalone basis.