Paulino Barragán-Iglesias1, Víctor Hugo Oidor-Chan2, Emanuel Loeza-Alcocer3, Jorge Baruch Pineda-Farias4, Isabel Velazquez-Lagunas2, Ana Belen Salinas-Abarca2, Enrique Hong2, Alicia Sánchez-Mendoza5, Rodolfo Delgado-Lezama6, Theodore J Price7, Vinicio Granados-Soto8. 1. Neurobiology of Pain Laboratory, Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav, Sede Sur, Ciudad de México, Mexico; School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA. 2. Neurobiology of Pain Laboratory, Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav, Sede Sur, Ciudad de México, Mexico. 3. Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Cinvestav, Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. 4. Neurobiology of Pain Laboratory, Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav, Sede Sur, Ciudad de México, Mexico; Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. 5. Departamento de Farmacología, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México, Mexico. 6. Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Cinvestav, Zacatenco, Ciudad de México, Mexico. 7. School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA. 8. Neurobiology of Pain Laboratory, Departamento de Farmacobiología, Cinvestav, Sede Sur, Ciudad de México, Mexico. Electronic address: vgranados@cinvestav.mx.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the participation of satellite glial cells (SGC), microglia and astrocytes in a model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes initiated in neonatal rats (nSTZ) and to determine the pharmacological profile for pain relief. METHODS: nSTZ was used to induce experimental diabetes. Von Frey filaments were used to assess tactile allodynia. Drugs were given by systemic administration. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to determine protein expression and cellular localization. RESULTS: nSTZ produced mild hyperglycemia, weight loss, glucose intolerance, and reduction of nerve conduction velocity of C fibers. Moreover, nSTZ enhanced activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) immunoreactivity in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and sciatic nerve of adult rats. ATF3 was found in SGC (GFAP+ cells) surrounding DRG at week 16. Late changes in ATF3 immunoreactivity in DRG correlated with up-regulation of ATF3 and GFAP protein expression. nSTZ increased GFAP and OX-42 immunoreactivity and percentage of hypertrophied and ameboid microglia in the spinal dorsal horn. These changes correlated with the presence of mechanical hypersensitivity (tactile allodynia). Administration of gabapentin (30-100mg/kg, po) and metformin (200mg/kg/day, po for 2 weeks) alleviated tactile allodynia, whereas morphine (1-3mg/kg, ip) had a modest effect. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that nSTZ leads to activation of SGC, microglia and astrocytes in DRG and spinal cord. Pharmacological profile in the nSTZ model resembles diabetic neuropathic pain in humans. Our findings support the conclusion that the nSTZ rat model has utility for the study of a long-lasting diabetic neuropathic pain.
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the participation of satellite glial cells (SGC), microglia and astrocytes in a model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes initiated in neonatal rats (nSTZ) and to determine the pharmacological profile for pain relief. METHODS:nSTZ was used to induce experimental diabetes. Von Frey filaments were used to assess tactile allodynia. Drugs were given by systemic administration. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to determine protein expression and cellular localization. RESULTS:nSTZ produced mild hyperglycemia, weight loss, glucose intolerance, and reduction of nerve conduction velocity of C fibers. Moreover, nSTZ enhanced activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) immunoreactivity in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and sciatic nerve of adult rats. ATF3 was found in SGC (GFAP+ cells) surrounding DRG at week 16. Late changes in ATF3 immunoreactivity in DRG correlated with up-regulation of ATF3 and GFAP protein expression. nSTZ increased GFAP and OX-42 immunoreactivity and percentage of hypertrophied and ameboid microglia in the spinal dorsal horn. These changes correlated with the presence of mechanical hypersensitivity (tactile allodynia). Administration of gabapentin (30-100mg/kg, po) and metformin (200mg/kg/day, po for 2 weeks) alleviated tactile allodynia, whereas morphine (1-3mg/kg, ip) had a modest effect. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that nSTZ leads to activation of SGC, microglia and astrocytes in DRG and spinal cord. Pharmacological profile in the nSTZ model resembles diabetic neuropathic pain in humans. Our findings support the conclusion that the nSTZrat model has utility for the study of a long-lasting diabetic neuropathic pain.
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