Jaclyn M White Hughto1,2,3, Sari L Reisner3,4,5, Trace S Kershaw6, Fredrick L Altice7,8, Katie B Biello1,2,3, Matthew J Mimiaga1,2,3,9, Robert Garofalo10,11, Lisa M Kuhns10,12, John E Pachankis6. 1. Departments of Behavioral & Social Sciences and Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA. 2. Center for Health Equity Research, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA. 3. The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA, USA. 4. Division of General Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. 5. Epidemiology, Harvard T.H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. 6. Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA. 7. Infectious Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA. 8. Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA. 9. Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Brown University Warren Alpert Medical School, Providence, RI, USA. 10. Division of Adolescent Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. 11. Pediatrics and Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA. 12. Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Transgender women are disproportionately incarcerated in the US relative to the general population. A dearth of research has explored the factors that predict incarceration among transgender women or the longitudinal impact of incarceration on the health of this population. METHODS: Between 2012 and 2015, 221 transgender women ages 16-29 from Boston, MA and Chicago, IL were prospectively assessed at baseline, 4, 8 and 12 months. Mixed effects models were used to identify risk factors for incarceration and examine whether incarceration predicts somatic, anxiety and depressive symptoms, illicit drug use, and binge drinking over time, controlling for baseline psychiatric and substance use disorders. RESULTS: Overall, 38% experienced incarceration, before (33%) and during (18%) the study period. Significant independent predictors of recent incarceration included sex work, recent homelessness, school dropout and number of times incarcerated prior to enrollment while recent incarceration significantly predicted somatic symptoms and illicit drug use over time. CONCLUSIONS: Incarceration burden is high in young transgender women. Both structural and individual risk factors predict incarceration and poor health, suggesting the need for multilevel interventions to prevent incarceration and support young transgender women during incarceration and upon release.
BACKGROUND: Transgender women are disproportionately incarcerated in the US relative to the general population. A dearth of research has explored the factors that predict incarceration among transgender women or the longitudinal impact of incarceration on the health of this population. METHODS: Between 2012 and 2015, 221 transgender women ages 16-29 from Boston, MA and Chicago, IL were prospectively assessed at baseline, 4, 8 and 12 months. Mixed effects models were used to identify risk factors for incarceration and examine whether incarceration predicts somatic, anxiety and depressive symptoms, illicit drug use, and binge drinking over time, controlling for baseline psychiatric and substance use disorders. RESULTS: Overall, 38% experienced incarceration, before (33%) and during (18%) the study period. Significant independent predictors of recent incarceration included sex work, recent homelessness, school dropout and number of times incarcerated prior to enrollment while recent incarceration significantly predicted somatic symptoms and illicit drug use over time. CONCLUSIONS: Incarceration burden is high in young transgender women. Both structural and individual risk factors predict incarceration and poor health, suggesting the need for multilevel interventions to prevent incarceration and support young transgender women during incarceration and upon release.
Authors: Sari L Reisner; Jaclyn M White Hughto; Kristi E Gamarel; Alex S Keuroghlian; Lauren Mizock; John E Pachankis Journal: J Couns Psychol Date: 2016-02-11
Authors: Jaclyn M White Hughto; Kirsty A Clark; Frederick L Altice; Sari L Reisner; Trace S Kershaw; John E Pachankis Journal: Soc Sci Med Date: 2017-10-30 Impact factor: 4.634
Authors: D V Sheehan; Y Lecrubier; K H Sheehan; P Amorim; J Janavs; E Weiller; T Hergueta; R Baker; G C Dunbar Journal: J Clin Psychiatry Date: 1998 Impact factor: 4.384
Authors: Sari L Reisner; Jaclyn M White Hughto; Emilia E Dunham; Katherine J Heflin; Jesse Blue Glass Begenyi; Julia Coffey-Esquivel; Sean Cahill Journal: Milbank Q Date: 2015-07-29 Impact factor: 4.911
Authors: Jaclyn M White Hughto; Kirsty A Clark; Frederick L Altice; Sari L Reisner; Trace S Kershaw; John E Pachankis Journal: Int J Prison Health Date: 2018-06-11
Authors: Erin C Wilson; Caitlin M Turner; Sean Arayasirikul; Marguerita Lightfoot; Susan Scheer; Henry F Raymond; Albert Liu Journal: J Int AIDS Soc Date: 2020-06 Impact factor: 5.396