Didik Setiawan1, Arrum Dusafitri2, Githa Fungie Galistiani2, Antoinette D I van Asselt3, Maarten J Postma4. 1. Unit of PharmacoEpidemiology & PharmacoEconomics (PE2), Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, Purwokerto, Indonesia. Electronic address: d.didiksetiawan@gmail.com. 2. Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, Purwokerto, Indonesia. 3. Unit of PharmacoEpidemiology & PharmacoEconomics (PE2), Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Health Technology Assessment Unit, Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands. 4. Unit of PharmacoEpidemiology & PharmacoEconomics (PE2), Department of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Institute of Science in Healthy Aging & healthcaRE (SHARE), University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancers are a serious concern in developing countries. Valid estimates of a country-specific health-related quality of life (HRQOL) for patients with HPV-related cancers provide a substantial tool in determining the burden of the disease. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the HRQOL of patients with HPV-related cancers in Indonesia. METHODS: The HRQOL of patients with HPV-related cancers (cervical, uterine, nasopharyngeal, head and neck, and anogenital cancer) was assessed using the EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire (EQ-5D). Validity and reliability were assessed by means of construct validity and test-retest reliability methods, respectively. Subsequently, the EQ-5D utility index was calculated using the Thailand value set. RESULTS: The EQ-5D came out as a valid and reliable questionnaire for measuring the HRQOL of patients with HPV-related cancers in Indonesia. From a total of 520 patients diagnosed with HPV-related cancers, 404 patients were excluded because of not fulfilling the inclusion criteria, and so 116 patients finally participated in the study. The mean age of the patients was 47.5 ± 12.03 years. Most of the patients were women (56.0%) and married (97.4%), and less than half of them had finished high school (32.7%). Moreover, the proportions of nasopharyngeal, cervical, head and neck, anogenital, and uterine cancers in the study population were 29.3%, 24.6%, 22.4%, 14.2%, and 9.5%, respectively. The average HRQOL of the patients with HPV-related cancers was 0.69 ± 0.10, with the highest and lowest estimates applying to uterine cancer (0.84 ± 0.29) and head and neck cancer (0.58 ± 0.33), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The HRQOL of patients with HPV-related cancers was found to be reduced to a certain extent in our study for Indonesia.
BACKGROUND:Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancers are a serious concern in developing countries. Valid estimates of a country-specific health-related quality of life (HRQOL) for patients with HPV-related cancers provide a substantial tool in determining the burden of the disease. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the HRQOL of patients with HPV-related cancers in Indonesia. METHODS: The HRQOL of patients with HPV-related cancers (cervical, uterine, nasopharyngeal, head and neck, and anogenital cancer) was assessed using the EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire (EQ-5D). Validity and reliability were assessed by means of construct validity and test-retest reliability methods, respectively. Subsequently, the EQ-5D utility index was calculated using the Thailand value set. RESULTS: The EQ-5D came out as a valid and reliable questionnaire for measuring the HRQOL of patients with HPV-related cancers in Indonesia. From a total of 520 patients diagnosed with HPV-related cancers, 404 patients were excluded because of not fulfilling the inclusion criteria, and so 116 patients finally participated in the study. The mean age of the patients was 47.5 ± 12.03 years. Most of the patients were women (56.0%) and married (97.4%), and less than half of them had finished high school (32.7%). Moreover, the proportions of nasopharyngeal, cervical, head and neck, anogenital, and uterine cancers in the study population were 29.3%, 24.6%, 22.4%, 14.2%, and 9.5%, respectively. The average HRQOL of the patients with HPV-related cancers was 0.69 ± 0.10, with the highest and lowest estimates applying to uterine cancer (0.84 ± 0.29) and head and neck cancer (0.58 ± 0.33), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The HRQOL of patients with HPV-related cancers was found to be reduced to a certain extent in our study for Indonesia.
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