Daniel Gerber1, Catherine S Forster2,3, Michael Hsieh4,5. 1. Georgetown University School of Medicine, 3900 Reservoir Road NW, Washington, DC, 20007, USA. 2. Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue NW Suite M4800, Washington, DC, 20010, USA. 3. Biomedical Research Institute, 9410 Key West Avenue, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA. 4. Children's National Health System, 111 Michigan Avenue NW Suite M4800, Washington, DC, 20010, USA. MHsieh@childrensnational.org. 5. Biomedical Research Institute, 9410 Key West Avenue, Rockville, MD, 20850, USA. MHsieh@childrensnational.org.
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: In this review, we highlight the effects of the microbiome on urologic diseases that affect the pediatric patient. RECENT FINDINGS: Perturbations in the urinary microbiome have been shown to be associated with a number of urologic diseases affecting children, namely urinary tract infection, overactive bladder/urge urinary incontinence, and urolithiasis. Recently, improved cultivation and sequencing technologies have allowed for the discovery of a significant and diverse microbiome in the bladder, previously assumed to be sterile. Early studies aimed to identify the resident bacterial species and demonstrate the efficacy of sequencing and enhanced quantitative urine culture. More recently, research has sought to elucidate the association between the microbiome and urologic disease, as well as to demonstrate effects of manipulation of the microbiome on various urologic pathologies. With an improved appreciation for the impact of the urinary microbiome on urologic disease, researchers have begun to explore the impact of these resident bacteria in pediatric urology.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: In this review, we highlight the effects of the microbiome on urologic diseases that affect the pediatric patient. RECENT FINDINGS: Perturbations in the urinary microbiome have been shown to be associated with a number of urologic diseases affecting children, namely urinary tract infection, overactive bladder/urge urinary incontinence, and urolithiasis. Recently, improved cultivation and sequencing technologies have allowed for the discovery of a significant and diverse microbiome in the bladder, previously assumed to be sterile. Early studies aimed to identify the resident bacterial species and demonstrate the efficacy of sequencing and enhanced quantitative urine culture. More recently, research has sought to elucidate the association between the microbiome and urologic disease, as well as to demonstrate effects of manipulation of the microbiome on various urologic pathologies. With an improved appreciation for the impact of the urinary microbiome on urologic disease, researchers have begun to explore the impact of these resident bacteria in pediatric urology.
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