C Colberg1, C van der Horst1, K-P Jünemann1, C M Naumann2. 1. Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Campus Kiel, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, 24105, Kiel, Deutschland. 2. Klinik für Urologie und Kinderurologie, Campus Kiel, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, 24105, Kiel, Deutschland. CarstenMaik.Naumann@uksh.de.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Penile cancer represents a rarity in daily clinical practice. OBJECTIVES: The aim is to identify global differences concerning the incidence, social and risk factors. METHODS: The past and current epidemiologic literature is analyzed concerning incidence rates and risk factors. The latter are discussed concerning their potential with regard to disease prevention. RESULTS: Globally, incidence rates of penile cancer range from low to nonexistent. Distinct differences are found when comparing industrialized countries with emerging and developing countries. Phimosis seems to be a crucial risk factor in the formation of penile cancer. Additionally, chronic inflammatory diseases of the penis were found to be associated with a higher risk. CONCLUSIONS: Preventive measures should be considered in relation to the rarity of the disease, especially in the valuation of circumcision during early childhood. Regular clinical examination of the penis is a sensible measure of early detection.
BACKGROUND:Penile cancer represents a rarity in daily clinical practice. OBJECTIVES: The aim is to identify global differences concerning the incidence, social and risk factors. METHODS: The past and current epidemiologic literature is analyzed concerning incidence rates and risk factors. The latter are discussed concerning their potential with regard to disease prevention. RESULTS: Globally, incidence rates of penile cancer range from low to nonexistent. Distinct differences are found when comparing industrialized countries with emerging and developing countries. Phimosis seems to be a crucial risk factor in the formation of penile cancer. Additionally, chronic inflammatory diseases of the penis were found to be associated with a higher risk. CONCLUSIONS: Preventive measures should be considered in relation to the rarity of the disease, especially in the valuation of circumcision during early childhood. Regular clinical examination of the penis is a sensible measure of early detection.
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