A Lebedeva1, A Sundström2,3, L Lindgren4,5, A Stomby6,7, D Aarsland1,8,9, E Westman1, B Winblad1,10, T Olsson6, L Nyberg5,11,12. 1. Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Karolinska Institute, Huddinge, Sweden. 2. Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. 3. Center for Demographic and Ageing Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. 4. Department of Nursing, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. 5. Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. 6. Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. 7. Jönköping County Hospital, Region Jönköping County, Jönköping, Sweden. 8. Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, UK. 9. Center for Age-Related Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway. 10. Geriatric Clinics, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Sweden. 11. Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Physiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden. 12. Department of Radiation Sciences, Diagnostic Radiology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Depression is associated with accelerated aging and age-related diseases. However, mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear. The aim of this study was to longitudinally assess the link between depressive symptoms, brain atrophy, and cortisol levels. METHOD: Participants from the Betula prospective cohort study (mean age = 59 years, SD = 13.4 years) underwent clinical, neuropsychological and brain 3T MRI assessments at baseline and a 4-year follow-up. Cortisol levels were measured at baseline in four saliva samples. Cortical and hippocampal atrophy rates were estimated and compared between participants with and without depressive symptoms (n = 81) and correlated with cortisol levels (n = 49). RESULTS: Atrophy in the left superior frontal gyrus and right lingual gyrus developed in parallel with depressive symptoms, and in the left temporal pole, superior temporal cortex, and supramarginal cortex after the onset of depressive symptom. Depression-related atrophy was significantly associated with elevated cortisol levels. Elevated cortisol levels were also associated with widespread prefrontal, parietal, lateral, and medial temporal atrophy. CONCLUSION: Depressive symptoms and elevated cortisol levels are associated with atrophy of the prefrontal and limbic areas of the brain.
OBJECTIVE:Depression is associated with accelerated aging and age-related diseases. However, mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear. The aim of this study was to longitudinally assess the link between depressive symptoms, brain atrophy, and cortisol levels. METHOD:Participants from the Betula prospective cohort study (mean age = 59 years, SD = 13.4 years) underwent clinical, neuropsychological and brain 3T MRI assessments at baseline and a 4-year follow-up. Cortisol levels were measured at baseline in four saliva samples. Cortical and hippocampal atrophy rates were estimated and compared between participants with and without depressive symptoms (n = 81) and correlated with cortisol levels (n = 49). RESULTS:Atrophy in the left superior frontal gyrus and right lingual gyrus developed in parallel with depressive symptoms, and in the left temporal pole, superior temporal cortex, and supramarginal cortex after the onset of depressive symptom. Depression-related atrophy was significantly associated with elevated cortisol levels. Elevated cortisol levels were also associated with widespread prefrontal, parietal, lateral, and medial temporal atrophy. CONCLUSION:Depressive symptoms and elevated cortisol levels are associated with atrophy of the prefrontal and limbic areas of the brain.
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