Literature DB >> 29456161

The effect of LRRK2 mutations on the cholinergic system in manifest and premanifest stages of Parkinson's disease: a cross-sectional PET study.

Shu-Ying Liu1, Daryl J Wile2, Jessie Fanglu Fu3, Jason Valerio4, Elham Shahinfard4, Siobhan McCormick4, Rostom Mabrouk3, Nasim Vafai4, Jess McKenzie4, Nicole Neilson4, Alexandra Perez-Soriano4, Julieta E Arena4, Mariya Cherkasova4, Piu Chan5, Jing Zhang6, Cyrus P Zabetian7, Jan O Aasly8, Zbigniew K Wszolek9, Martin J McKeown4, Michael J Adam10, Thomas J Ruth11, Michael Schulzer4, Vesna Sossi3, A Jon Stoessl12.   

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Markers of neuroinflammation are increased in some patients with LRRK2 Parkinson's disease compared with individuals with idiopathic Parkinson's disease, suggesting possible differences in disease pathogenesis. Previous PET studies have suggested amplified dopamine turnover and preserved serotonergic innervation in LRRK2 mutation carriers. We postulated that patients with LRRK2 mutations might show abnormalities of central cholinergic activity, even before the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease.
METHODS: Between June, 2009, and December, 2015, we recruited participants from four movement disorder clinics in Canada, Norway, and the USA. Patients with Parkinson's disease were diagnosed by movement disorder neurologists on the basis of the UK Parkinson's Disease Society Brain Bank criteria. LRRK2 carrier status was confirmed by bidirectional Sanger sequencing. We used the PET tracer N-11C-methyl-piperidin-4-yl propionate to scan for acetylcholinesterase activity. The primary outcome measure was rate of acetylcholinesterase hydrolysis, calculated using the striatal input method. We compared acetylcholinesterase hydrolysis rates between groups using ANCOVA, with adjustment for age based on the results of linear regression analysis.
FINDINGS: We recruited 14 patients with LRRK2 Parkinson's disease, 16 LRRK2 mutation carriers without Parkinson's disease, eight patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease, and 11 healthy controls. We noted significant between-group differences in rates of acetylcholinesterase hydrolysis in cortical regions (average cortex p=0·009, default mode network-related regions p=0·006, limbic network-related regions p=0·020) and the thalamus (p=0·008). LRRK2 mutation carriers without Parkinson's disease had increased acetylcholinesterase hydrolysis rates compared with healthy controls in the cortex (average cortex, p=0·046). Patients with LRRK2 Parkinson's disease had significantly higher acetylcholinesterase activity in some cortical regions (average cortex p=0·043, default mode network-related regions p=0·021) and the thalamus (thalamus p=0·004) compared with individuals with idiopathic disease. Acetylcholinesterase hydrolysis rates in healthy controls were correlated inversely with age.
INTERPRETATION: LRRK2 mutations are associated with significantly increased cholinergic activity in the brain in mutation carriers without Parkinson's disease compared with healthy controls and in LRRK2 mutation carriers with Parkinson's disease compared with individuals with idiopathic disease. Changes in cholinergic activity might represent early and sustained attempts to compensate for LRRK2-related dysfunction, or alteration of acetylcholinesterase in non-neuronal cells. FUNDING: Michael J Fox Foundation, National Institutes of Health, and Pacific Alzheimer Research Foundation.
Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Year:  2018        PMID: 29456161      PMCID: PMC5942215          DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(18)30032-2

Source DB:  PubMed          Journal:  Lancet Neurol        ISSN: 1474-4422            Impact factor:   44.182


  30 in total

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8.  Neural correlates of executive functions in healthy G2019S LRRK2 mutation carriers.

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10.  Parkinson disease phenotype in Ashkenazi Jews with and without LRRK2 G2019S mutations.

Authors:  Roy N Alcalay; Anat Mirelman; Rachel Saunders-Pullman; Ming-X Tang; Helen Mejia Santana; Deborah Raymond; Ernest Roos; Martha Orbe-Reilly; Tanya Gurevich; Anat Bar Shira; Mali Gana Weisz; Kira Yasinovsky; Maayan Zalis; Avner Thaler; Andres Deik; Matthew James Barrett; Jose Cabassa; Mark Groves; Ann L Hunt; Naomi Lubarr; Marta San Luciano; Joan Miravite; Christina Palmese; Rivka Sachdev; Harini Sarva; Lawrence Severt; Vicki Shanker; Matthew Carrington Swan; Jeannie Soto-Valencia; Brooke Johannes; Robert Ortega; Stanley Fahn; Lucien Cote; Cheryl Waters; Pietro Mazzoni; Blair Ford; Elan Louis; Oren Levy; Llency Rosado; Diana Ruiz; Tsvyatko Dorovski; Michael Pauciulo; William Nichols; Avi Orr-Urtreger; Laurie Ozelius; Lorraine Clark; Nir Giladi; Susan Bressman; Karen S Marder
Journal:  Mov Disord       Date:  2013-10-15       Impact factor: 10.338

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  23 in total

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6.  Cognitive deficits and altered cholinergic innervation in young adult male mice carrying a Parkinson's disease Lrrk2G2019S knockin mutation.

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Review 7.  Emerging Neuroimaging Biomarkers Across Disease Stage in Parkinson Disease: A Review.

Authors:  Trina Mitchell; Stéphane Lehéricy; Shannon Y Chiu; Antonio P Strafella; A Jon Stoessl; David E Vaillancourt
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8.  Hypercholinergic activity in LRRK2 Parkinson's disease.

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Review 9.  Prodromal Parkinson disease subtypes - key to understanding heterogeneity.

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10.  Striatal Acetylcholine-Dopamine Imbalance in Parkinson Disease: In Vivo Neuroimaging Study with Dual-Tracer PET and Dopaminergic PET-Informed Correlational Tractography.

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