Daniel Seung Kim1, Yatong K Li2, Jerry H Kim3, Curtis S Bergquist4, Marsha Gerdes5, Judy C Bernbaum5, Nancy Burnham6, Donna M McDonald-McGinn7, Elaine H Zackai7, Susan C Nicolson8, Thomas L Spray6, Deborah A Nickerson9, Hakon Hakonarson10, Gail P Jarvik11, J William Gaynor12. 1. Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash; Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. 2. Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. 3. Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash. 4. Section of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. 5. Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. 6. Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. 7. Division of Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. 8. Division of Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. 9. Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash. 10. Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. 11. Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash. 12. Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa. Electronic address: gaynor@email.chop.edu.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The MBL2 gene is the major genetic determinant of mannose-binding lectin (MBL)-an acute phase reactant. Low MBL levels have been associated with adverse outcomes in preterm infants. The MBL2Gly54Asp missense variant causes autosomal dominant MBL deficiency. We tested the hypothesis that MBL2Gly54Asp is associated with worse neurodevelopmental outcomes after cardiac surgery in neonates. METHODS: This is an analysis of a previously described cohort of patients with nonsyndromic congenital heart disease who underwent cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass before age 6 months (n = 295). Four-year neurodevelopment was assessed in 3 domains: Full-Scale Intellectual Quotient, the Visual Motor Integration development test, and the Child Behavior Checklist to assess behavior problems. The Child Behavior Checklist measured total behavior problems, pervasive developmental problems, and internalizing/externalizing problems. A multivariable linear regression model, adjusting for confounders, was fit. RESULTS: MBL2Gly54Asp was associated with a significantly increased covariate-adjusted pervasive developmental problem score (β = 3.98; P = .0025). Sensitivity analyses of the interaction between age at first surgery and MBL genotype suggested effect modification for the patients with MBL2Gly54Asp (Pinteraction = .039), with the poorest neurodevelopment outcomes occurring in children who had surgery earlier in life. CONCLUSIONS: We report the novel finding that carriers of MBL2Gly54Asp causing autosomal dominant MBL deficiency have increased childhood pervasive developmental problems after cardiac surgery, independent of other covariates. Sensitivity analyses suggest that this effect may be larger in children who underwent surgery at earlier ages. These data support the role of nonsyndromic genetic variation in determining postsurgical neurodevelopment-related outcomes in children with congenital heart disease.
OBJECTIVES: The MBL2 gene is the major genetic determinant of mannose-binding lectin (MBL)-an acute phase reactant. Low MBL levels have been associated with adverse outcomes in preterm infants. The MBL2Gly54Asp missense variant causes autosomal dominant MBL deficiency. We tested the hypothesis that MBL2Gly54Asp is associated with worse neurodevelopmental outcomes after cardiac surgery in neonates. METHODS: This is an analysis of a previously described cohort of patients with nonsyndromic congenital heart disease who underwent cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass before age 6 months (n = 295). Four-year neurodevelopment was assessed in 3 domains: Full-Scale Intellectual Quotient, the Visual Motor Integration development test, and the Child Behavior Checklist to assess behavior problems. The Child Behavior Checklist measured total behavior problems, pervasive developmental problems, and internalizing/externalizing problems. A multivariable linear regression model, adjusting for confounders, was fit. RESULTS: MBL2Gly54Asp was associated with a significantly increased covariate-adjusted pervasive developmental problem score (β = 3.98; P = .0025). Sensitivity analyses of the interaction between age at first surgery and MBL genotype suggested effect modification for the patients with MBL2Gly54Asp (Pinteraction = .039), with the poorest neurodevelopment outcomes occurring in children who had surgery earlier in life. CONCLUSIONS: We report the novel finding that carriers of MBL2Gly54Asp causing autosomal dominant MBL deficiency have increased childhood pervasive developmental problems after cardiac surgery, independent of other covariates. Sensitivity analyses suggest that this effect may be larger in children who underwent surgery at earlier ages. These data support the role of nonsyndromic genetic variation in determining postsurgical neurodevelopment-related outcomes in children with congenital heart disease.
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