Arul Thomas1, David Koch2, William Marsteller3, David Lewin4, Adrian Reuben3. 1. MedStar Georgetown Transplant Institute, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, 20007, USA. 2. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA. kochd@musc.edu. 3. Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA. 4. Department of Pathology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) commonly presents as linear striped ("watermelon stomach") or punctate phenotypes, to which a newly discovered nodular form was recently added. AIMS: We performed a retrospective cohort study to detail and compare the clinical and histological characteristics of major GAVE phenotypes. METHODS: In 136 GAVE patients (tertiary care ambulatory and inpatient, median age 61.3 years, 73 men, and 63 women), clinical and laboratory results were recorded, with comorbidities, endoscopy indications, and complications of cirrhosis. In 74 patients, GAVE histopathology was cataloged by a pathologist masked to endoscopy results. RESULTS: Median age 61.3 years, 73 men, and 63 women. GAVE phenotypes were: linear striped-62 (46%), punctate-32 (24%), and nodular-41 (30%). Endoscopy was commonly performed for variceal screening in linear striped (45%) and nodular (34%) GAVE and for gastrointestinal bleeding in punctate (41%) and nodular (29%) GAVE, respectively. Of 89 cirrhotic patients, 37.5% each had linear striped or nodular GAVE, 24.7% had punctate forms (p = 0.03). Child-Turcotte-Pugh and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease scores were similar among phenotypes. Histologically, reactive epithelial hyperplasia and vascular ectasia were universal; smooth muscle proliferation was more common and consistent (78-86%) than microvascular thrombi (27-59%) and fibrohyalinosis (18-53%), which each varied with phenotype. CONCLUSIONS: Nodular GAVE is a gastric mucosal abnormality that is similar to the linear striped and punctate phenotypes, yet has distinct clinical and histological features. Increased awareness of nodular GAVE by endoscopists is needed to avoid its misdiagnosis as nonspecific antral nodules.
BACKGROUND: Gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) commonly presents as linear striped ("watermelon stomach") or punctate phenotypes, to which a newly discovered nodular form was recently added. AIMS: We performed a retrospective cohort study to detail and compare the clinical and histological characteristics of major GAVE phenotypes. METHODS: In 136 GAVE patients (tertiary care ambulatory and inpatient, median age 61.3 years, 73 men, and 63 women), clinical and laboratory results were recorded, with comorbidities, endoscopy indications, and complications of cirrhosis. In 74 patients, GAVE histopathology was cataloged by a pathologist masked to endoscopy results. RESULTS: Median age 61.3 years, 73 men, and 63 women. GAVE phenotypes were: linear striped-62 (46%), punctate-32 (24%), and nodular-41 (30%). Endoscopy was commonly performed for variceal screening in linear striped (45%) and nodular (34%) GAVE and for gastrointestinal bleeding in punctate (41%) and nodular (29%) GAVE, respectively. Of 89 cirrhotic patients, 37.5% each had linear striped or nodular GAVE, 24.7% had punctate forms (p = 0.03). Child-Turcotte-Pugh and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease scores were similar among phenotypes. Histologically, reactive epithelial hyperplasia and vascular ectasia were universal; smooth muscle proliferation was more common and consistent (78-86%) than microvascular thrombi (27-59%) and fibrohyalinosis (18-53%), which each varied with phenotype. CONCLUSIONS: Nodular GAVE is a gastric mucosal abnormality that is similar to the linear striped and punctate phenotypes, yet has distinct clinical and histological features. Increased awareness of nodular GAVE by endoscopists is needed to avoid its misdiagnosis as nonspecific antral nodules.
Authors: J S Baudet; H Salata; M Soler; V Castro; D Díaz-Bethencourt; M Vela; S Morales; J Avilés Journal: Endoscopy Date: 2007-02 Impact factor: 10.093
Authors: P S Kamath; R H Wiesner; M Malinchoc; W Kremers; T M Therneau; C L Kosberg; G D'Amico; E R Dickson; W R Kim Journal: Hepatology Date: 2001-02 Impact factor: 17.425
Authors: J L Payen; P Calès; J J Voigt; S Barbe; C Pilette; L Dubuisson; H Desmorat; J P Vinel; A Kervran; J A Chayvialle Journal: Gastroenterology Date: 1995-01 Impact factor: 22.682