Marta Anna Szychlinska1, Paola Castrogiovanni1, Francesca Maria Trovato2, Houda Nsir3, Mokhtar Zarrouk3, Debora Lo Furno4, Michelino Di Rosa1, Rosa Imbesi1, Giuseppe Musumeci5,6,7. 1. Human Anatomy and Histology Section, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95125, Catania, Italy. 2. Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy. 3. Biotechnology Laboratory of olive Tree, Centre of Biotechnology of Borj Cedreya, University of Carthage, Carthage, Tunisia. 4. Section of Physiology, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy. 5. Human Anatomy and Histology Section, Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 87, 95125, Catania, Italy. g.musumeci@unict.it. 6. Department of Health, Institut des Etudes Universitaries, UniPoliSI, Veyras, Switzerland. g.musumeci@unict.it. 7. School of the Sport of the Italian National Olympic Committee "CONI" Sicily, Sicily, Italy. g.musumeci@unict.it.
Abstract
PURPOSE: Osteoarthitis (OA) leads to progressive loss of articular cartilage, pain and joint disability. An acute injury constitutes an important risk factor for early OA, determining an inflammatory process responsible of cartilage degeneration and muscle atrophy, due to the joint pain and immobility. The study aims to assess the effects of conjugation of physical activity and diet enriched by olive tree compounds [extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and olive leaf extract (OLE)], on the musculoskeletal system in OA rat model. METHODS: OA was induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection and confirmed by Mankin and OARSI scores. Rats were subjected to physical activity on treadmill 5 days a week for 10 min daily and fed with experimental diets (standard diet enriched with Sicilian EVOO, Tunisian EVOO and Tunisian EVOO-OLE) for 12 weeks. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate IL-6 and lubricin expression in cartilage tissue and ELISA was used to quantify these proteins in serum at different time points. Histology and histomorphometry analysis were done to valuate liver steatosis, muscle atrophy and cartilage pathological changes. RESULTS: Compared to the OA group, the experimental groups showed general increased lubricin and decreased IL-6 expression, significant muscle hypertrophy and no signs of liver steatosis, suggesting the beneficial effects of physical activity coupled with EVOO-enriched diets on rat articular cartilage. Interestingly, the best result was shown for Sicilian EVOO-enriched diet. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the conjugation of physical activity and EVOO-enriched diet determines a significant articular cartilage recovery process in early OA.
PURPOSE: Osteoarthitis (OA) leads to progressive loss of articular cartilage, pain and joint disability. An acute injury constitutes an important risk factor for early OA, determining an inflammatory process responsible of cartilage degeneration and muscle atrophy, due to the joint pain and immobility. The study aims to assess the effects of conjugation of physical activity and diet enriched by olive tree compounds [extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) and olive leaf extract (OLE)], on the musculoskeletal system in OA rat model. METHODS: OA was induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection and confirmed by Mankin and OARSI scores. Rats were subjected to physical activity on treadmill 5 days a week for 10 min daily and fed with experimental diets (standard diet enriched with Sicilian EVOO, Tunisian EVOO and Tunisian EVOO-OLE) for 12 weeks. Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate IL-6 and lubricin expression in cartilage tissue and ELISA was used to quantify these proteins in serum at different time points. Histology and histomorphometry analysis were done to valuate liver steatosis, muscle atrophy and cartilage pathological changes. RESULTS: Compared to the OA group, the experimental groups showed general increased lubricin and decreased IL-6 expression, significant muscle hypertrophy and no signs of liver steatosis, suggesting the beneficial effects of physical activity coupled with EVOO-enriched diets on ratarticular cartilage. Interestingly, the best result was shown for Sicilian EVOO-enriched diet. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the conjugation of physical activity and EVOO-enriched diet determines a significant articular cartilage recovery process in early OA.
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