Vallerie V McLaughlin1, Marius M Hoeper2, Richard N Channick3, Kelly M Chin4, Marion Delcroix5, Sean Gaine6, Hossein-Ardeschir Ghofrani7, Pavel Jansa8, Irene M Lang9, Sanjay Mehta10, Tomás Pulido11, B K S Sastry12, Gérald Simonneau13, Olivier Sitbon13, Rogério Souza14, Adam Torbicki15, Victor F Tapson16, Loïc Perchenet17, Ralph Preiss17, Pierre Verweij17, Lewis J Rubin18, Nazzareno Galiè19. 1. Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Electronic address: vmclaugh@med.umich.edu. 2. Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School and German Centre for Lung Research, Hannover, Germany. 3. Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts. 4. University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas. 5. University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. 6. National Pulmonary Hypertension Unit, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. 7. University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Giessen, Germany; Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom. 8. Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic. 9. Medical University of Vienna, Department of Internal Medicine II, Division of Cardiology, Allgemeines Krankenhaus, Vienna, Austria. 10. Respirology Division, London Health Sciences Centre, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada. 11. Cardiopulmonary Department, Ignacio Chávez National Heart Institute, Mexico City, Mexico. 12. CARE Hospitals, Hyderabad, India. 13. Hôpital de Bicêtre, Paris, France. 14. INCOR Heart Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil. 15. Medical Centre for Postgraduate Education, CMKP European Health Centre, Otwock, Poland. 16. Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California. 17. Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland. 18. Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of California, San Diego Medical School, La Jolla, California. 19. Istituto di Malattie dell'Apparato Cardiovascolare, Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Registry data suggest that disease progression in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is indicative of poor prognosis. However, the prognostic relevance of PAH-related morbidity has not been formally evaluated in randomized controlled trials. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of these analyses was to assess the impact of morbidity events on the risk of subsequent mortality using the landmark method and data from the SERAPHIN and GRIPHON studies. METHODS: For each study, the risk of all-cause death up to the end of the study was assessed from the landmark time point (months 3, 6, and 12) according to whether a patient had experienced a primary endpoint morbidity event before the landmark. Each analysis was conducted using data from all patients who were available for survival follow-up at the landmark. RESULTS: In the SERAPHIN study, on the basis of the 3-month landmark time point, patients who experienced a morbidity event before month 3 had an increased risk of death compared with patients who did not (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.39; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.94 to 5.92). In the GRIPHON study, on the basis of the 3-month landmark time point, there was also an increased risk with a HR of 4.48; (95% CI: 2.98 to 6.73). Analyses based on 6-month and 12-month landmarks also showed increased risk in patients who experienced morbidity events, albeit with a reduced HR. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate the prognostic relevance of PAH-related morbidity as defined in the SERAPHIN and GRIPHON studies, highlighting the importance of preventing disease progression in patients with PAH and supporting the clinical relevance of SERAPHIN and GRIPHON morbidity events. (Study of Macitentan [ACT-064992] on Morbidity and Mortality in Patients With Symptomatic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension [SERAPHIN]; NCT00660179; Selexipag [ACT-293987] in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension [GRIPHON]; NCT01106014).
RCT Entities:
BACKGROUND: Registry data suggest that disease progression in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is indicative of poor prognosis. However, the prognostic relevance of PAH-related morbidity has not been formally evaluated in randomized controlled trials. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of these analyses was to assess the impact of morbidity events on the risk of subsequent mortality using the landmark method and data from the SERAPHIN and GRIPHON studies. METHODS: For each study, the risk of all-cause death up to the end of the study was assessed from the landmark time point (months 3, 6, and 12) according to whether a patient had experienced a primary endpoint morbidity event before the landmark. Each analysis was conducted using data from all patients who were available for survival follow-up at the landmark. RESULTS: In the SERAPHIN study, on the basis of the 3-month landmark time point, patients who experienced a morbidity event before month 3 had an increased risk of death compared with patients who did not (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.39; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.94 to 5.92). In the GRIPHON study, on the basis of the 3-month landmark time point, there was also an increased risk with a HR of 4.48; (95% CI: 2.98 to 6.73). Analyses based on 6-month and 12-month landmarks also showed increased risk in patients who experienced morbidity events, albeit with a reduced HR. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate the prognostic relevance of PAH-related morbidity as defined in the SERAPHIN and GRIPHON studies, highlighting the importance of preventing disease progression in patients with PAH and supporting the clinical relevance of SERAPHIN and GRIPHON morbidity events. (Study of Macitentan [ACT-064992] on Morbidity and Mortality in Patients With Symptomatic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension [SERAPHIN]; NCT00660179; Selexipag [ACT-293987] in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension [GRIPHON]; NCT01106014).
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