Mohamad Saifudin Hakim1,2, Hera Nirwati3, Abu Tholib Aman3, Yati Soenarto4, Qiuwei Pan5. 1. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center and Postgraduate School Molecular Medicine, Room Na-1001, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. h.mohamadsaifudin@erasmusmc.nl. 2. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. h.mohamadsaifudin@erasmusmc.nl. 3. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. 4. Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. 5. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center and Postgraduate School Molecular Medicine, Room Na-1001, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Diarrhea significantly contributes to the global burden of diseases, particularly in developing countries. Rotavirus and norovirus are the most dominant viral agents responsible for diarrheal disease globally. The aim of this review was to conduct a comprehensive assessment of rotavirus and norovirus study in Indonesia. DATA SOURCES: Articles about rotavirus and norovirus surveillance in Indonesia were collected from databases, including PubMed and Google Scholar. Manual searching was performed to identify additional studies. Furthermore, relevant articles about norovirus diseases were included. RESULTS: A national surveillance of rotavirus-associated gastroenteritis has been conducted for years, resulting in substantial evidence about the high burden of the diseases in Indonesia. In contrast, norovirus infection received relatively lower attention and very limited data are available about the incidence and circulating genotypes. Norovirus causes sporadic and epidemic gastroenteritis globally. It is also emerging as a health problem in immunocompromised individuals. During post-rotavirus vaccination era, norovirus potentially emerges as the most frequent cause of diarrheal diseases. CONCLUSIONS: Our review identifies knowledge gaps in Indonesia about the burden of norovirus diseases and the circulating genotypes. Therefore, there is a pressing need to conduct national surveillance to raise awareness of the community and national health authority about the actual burden of norovirus disease in Indonesia. Continuing rotavirus surveillance is also important to assess vaccine effectiveness and to continue tracking any substantial changes of circulating rotavirus genotypes.
BACKGROUND:Diarrhea significantly contributes to the global burden of diseases, particularly in developing countries. Rotavirus and norovirus are the most dominant viral agents responsible for diarrheal disease globally. The aim of this review was to conduct a comprehensive assessment of rotavirus and norovirus study in Indonesia. DATA SOURCES: Articles about rotavirus and norovirus surveillance in Indonesia were collected from databases, including PubMed and Google Scholar. Manual searching was performed to identify additional studies. Furthermore, relevant articles about norovirus diseases were included. RESULTS: A national surveillance of rotavirus-associated gastroenteritis has been conducted for years, resulting in substantial evidence about the high burden of the diseases in Indonesia. In contrast, norovirus infection received relatively lower attention and very limited data are available about the incidence and circulating genotypes. Norovirus causes sporadic and epidemic gastroenteritis globally. It is also emerging as a health problem in immunocompromised individuals. During post-rotavirus vaccination era, norovirus potentially emerges as the most frequent cause of diarrheal diseases. CONCLUSIONS: Our review identifies knowledge gaps in Indonesia about the burden of norovirus diseases and the circulating genotypes. Therefore, there is a pressing need to conduct national surveillance to raise awareness of the community and national health authority about the actual burden of norovirus disease in Indonesia. Continuing rotavirus surveillance is also important to assess vaccine effectiveness and to continue tracking any substantial changes of circulating rotavirus genotypes.
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