Dimitrios A Patikas1, Craig A Williams2, Sébastien Ratel3. 1. Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece. 2. Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK. 3. Clermont Auvergne University, AME2P, F-63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France. Sebastien.RATEL@uca.fr.
Abstract
PURPOSE: In recent decades, the interest for exercise-induced fatigue in youth has substantially increased, and the effects of growth on the peripheral (muscular) and central (neural) mechanisms underpinning differences in neuromuscular fatigue between healthy children and adults have been described more extensively. The purpose of this review is to retrieve, report, and analyse the findings of studies comparing neuromuscular fatigue between children and adults. Objective measures of the evaluation of the physiological mechanisms are discussed. METHOD: Major databases (PubMed, Ovid, Scopus and Web of Science) were systematically searched and limited to English language from inception to September 2017. RESULT: Collectively, the analyzed studies indicate that children experience less muscular and potentially more neural fatigue than adults. However, there are still many unknown aspects of fatigue regarding neural (supraspinal and spinal) and peripheral mechanisms that should be more thoroughly examined in children. CONCLUSION: Suitable methods, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial electrical stimulation, functional magnetic resonance imaging, near-infrared spectroscopy, tendon vibration, H-reflex, and ultrasound are recommended in the research field of fatigue in youth. By designing studies that test the fatigue effects in movements that replicate daily activities, new knowledge will be acquired. The linkage and interaction between physiological, cognitive, and psychological aspects of human performance remain to be resolved in young people. This can only be successful if research is based on a foundation of basic research focused on the mechanisms of fatigue while measuring all three above aspects.
PURPOSE: In recent decades, the interest for exercise-induced fatigue in youth has substantially increased, and the effects of growth on the peripheral (muscular) and central (neural) mechanisms underpinning differences in neuromuscular fatigue between healthy children and adults have been described more extensively. The purpose of this review is to retrieve, report, and analyse the findings of studies comparing neuromuscular fatigue between children and adults. Objective measures of the evaluation of the physiological mechanisms are discussed. METHOD: Major databases (PubMed, Ovid, Scopus and Web of Science) were systematically searched and limited to English language from inception to September 2017. RESULT: Collectively, the analyzed studies indicate that children experience less muscular and potentially more neural fatigue than adults. However, there are still many unknown aspects of fatigue regarding neural (supraspinal and spinal) and peripheral mechanisms that should be more thoroughly examined in children. CONCLUSION: Suitable methods, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial electrical stimulation, functional magnetic resonance imaging, near-infrared spectroscopy, tendon vibration, H-reflex, and ultrasound are recommended in the research field of fatigue in youth. By designing studies that test the fatigue effects in movements that replicate daily activities, new knowledge will be acquired. The linkage and interaction between physiological, cognitive, and psychological aspects of human performance remain to be resolved in young people. This can only be successful if research is based on a foundation of basic research focused on the mechanisms of fatigue while measuring all three above aspects.
Authors: Amy Fleischman; Hideo Makimura; Takara L Stanley; Meaghan A McCarthy; Matthew Kron; Noelle Sun; Sarah Chuzi; Mirko I Hrovat; David M Systrom; Steven K Grinspoon Journal: J Clin Endocrinol Metab Date: 2010-06-16 Impact factor: 5.958
Authors: K Hatzikotoulas; D Patikas; E Bassa; L Hadjileontiadis; Y Koutedakis; C Kotzamanidis Journal: Int J Sports Med Date: 2009-07-07 Impact factor: 3.118
Authors: Giedrius Gorianovas; Albertas Skurvydas; Vytautas Streckis; Marius Brazaitis; Sigitas Kamandulis; Malachy P McHugh Journal: Biomed Res Int Date: 2013-01-01 Impact factor: 3.411
Authors: Benjamin Drury; Sébastien Ratel; Cain C T Clark; John F T Fernandes; Jason Moran; David G Behm Journal: J Funct Morphol Kinesiol Date: 2019-11-28