Controlling pore size of activated carbon through self-activation process for removing contaminants of different molecular sizes.

Self-activation was employed for the manufacturing of activated carbon (AC) using kenaf core fibers, which is more environmentally friendly and cost-effective than the conventional physical/chemical activations. It makes the use of the gases emitted from the thermal treatment to activate the converted carbon itself. The mechanism was illustrated by the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry analysis of the emitted gases, showing that CO2 served as an activating agent. The AC from self-activation presented high performance, for instance, the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area was up to 2296 m2 g-1, Using the Density Functional Theory (DFT), the pore volume (PV) was determined to be 1.876 cm3 g-1. Linear relations of PVDFT-micropore/iodine number, and PVDFT-mesopore/tannin value were established, indicating a strong relationship between the pore structure of AC and its adsorbing preference. Adsorption results for copper (II) and rhodamine 6G also indicated that the pore size of AC should be designed based on the molecular size of the contaminants.