OBJECTIVES: Immunological/inflammatory processes have been proposed to play an important role in the pathophysiology of mood disorders, including bipolar disorder (BD). The present study aimed to examine the influence of immune activation, measured on the basis of inflammatory markers, on the course of illness, proxied by the number of affective episodes, in patients with BD. METHODS: We investigated the relationship between high-sensitive CRP (hsCRP) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6), two inflammatory markers and characteristics of course of illness (e.g. number of affective episodes, depressive and manic symptoms) amongst a group of 190 individuals with BD. RESULTS: Among females with BD, there was a positive correlation between levels of hsCRP and the number of manic and depressive episodes. Moreover, levels of hsCRP and IL-6 were positively correlated with current manic symptoms, as measured by Young-Mania-Rating-Scale. There were no significant correlations between levels of the foregoing inflammatory markers, and manic and depressive symptoms in male individuals with BD. Furthermore, compared to their untreated counterparts, female patients treated with lithium demonstrated higher levels of hsCRP and male patients treated with atypical antipsychotics lower levels of hsCRP, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our results are suggesting that the association between inflammatory state and affective response in patients with BD may be gender-dependent. A future research would be to evaluate whether or not these gender differences can be observed in other inflammatory pathways associated with BD.
OBJECTIVES: Immunological/inflammatory processes have been proposed to play an important role in the pathophysiology of mood disorders, including bipolar disorder (BD). The present study aimed to examine the influence of immune activation, measured on the basis of inflammatory markers, on the course of illness, proxied by the number of affective episodes, in patients with BD. METHODS: We investigated the relationship between high-sensitive CRP (hsCRP) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6), two inflammatory markers and characteristics of course of illness (e.g. number of affective episodes, depressive and manic symptoms) amongst a group of 190 individuals with BD. RESULTS: Among females with BD, there was a positive correlation between levels of hsCRP and the number of manic and depressive episodes. Moreover, levels of hsCRP and IL-6 were positively correlated with current manic symptoms, as measured by Young-Mania-Rating-Scale. There were no significant correlations between levels of the foregoing inflammatory markers, and manic and depressive symptoms in male individuals with BD. Furthermore, compared to their untreated counterparts, female patients treated with lithium demonstrated higher levels of hsCRP and male patients treated with atypical antipsychotics lower levels of hsCRP, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our results are suggesting that the association between inflammatory state and affective response in patients with BD may be gender-dependent. A future research would be to evaluate whether or not these gender differences can be observed in other inflammatory pathways associated with BD.
Authors: Eva Z Reininghaus; Nina Dalkner; Karin Riedrich; Dietmar Fuchs; Johanna M Gostner; Bernd Reininghaus Journal: Front Psychiatry Date: 2019-02-21 Impact factor: 4.157
Authors: Martina Platzer; Frederike T Fellendorf; Susanne A Bengesser; Armin Birner; Nina Dalkner; Carlo Hamm; Melanie Lenger; Alexander Maget; René Pilz; Robert Queissner; Bernd Reininghaus; Alexandra Reiter; Harald Mangge; Sieglinde Zelzer; Hans-Peter Kapfhammer; Eva Z Reininghaus Journal: Nutrients Date: 2020-12-29 Impact factor: 5.717
Authors: Eva Z Reininghaus; Mirko Manchia; Nina Dalkner; Nina Bonkat; Alessio Squassina; Isabel Hodl; Eduard Vieta; Andreas Reif; Tomas Hajek; Mikael Landén; Christoph U Correll; Jan Scott; Bruno Etain; Marcella Rietschel; Veerle Bergink; Monica Martinez-Cengotitabengoa; Lars Vedel Kessing; Andrea Fagiolini; Michael Bauer; Guy Goodwin; Ana Gonzalez-Pinto; Ralph W Kupka; Thomas G Schulze; Trine V Lagerberg; Ayşegül Yildiz; Chantal Henry; Gunnar Morken; Phillip Ritter; René Ernst Nieslen; Rasmus W Licht; Andreas Bechdolf; Ole A Andreassen; Frederike Tabea Fellendorf Journal: Eur Neuropsychopharmacol Date: 2021-09-10 Impact factor: 4.600