Kyun Ha Kim1, Eun Jung Kim1, Min Jung Kwun1, Ji Yeon Lee1, Tran The Bach2, Sang Mi Eum3, Jun Yong Choi4, Sayeon Cho5, Sang-Jun Kim6, Seung-Il Jeong6, Myungsoo Joo7. 1. School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea. 2. Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources (IEBR), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cay Giay, Ha Noi, Vietnam. 3. Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea. 4. School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Korean Medicine Hospital, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea. 5. Laboratory of Molecular and Pharmacological Cell Biology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea. 6. Jeonju AgroBio-Materials Institute, Jeonju 57810, Republic of Korea. 7. School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea. Electronic address: mjoo@pusan.ac.kr.
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Although Spilanthes acmella has been used to relieve inflammation, fever, pain, or infection in traditional Asian medicine, experimental evidence supporting these functions is scarce. Here, we examined an anti-inflammatory function and a possible underlying mechanism of S. acmella Murray (SAM). MATERIALS AND METHOD: The methanol extract of SAM was fingerprinted by HPLC. C57BL/6 mice were administered with a single intratracheal (i.t.) LPS and 2 h later with a single i.t. SAM. The effect of SAM on lung inflammation was assessed by histology, semi-quantitative RT-PCR, and MPO assay of lung tissue. The effects of SAM on a pro-inflammatory factor NF-κB and an anti-inflammatory factor Nrf2 were analyzed by immunoblotting of nuclear proteins and by semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis of mRNA of the genes governed by these transcription factors. V5-Nrf2 was precipitated by an anti-V5 antibody and the ubiquitinated V5-Nrf2 was revealed by immunoblotting of HA-tagged ubiquitin. RESULTS: The i.t. SAM robustly diminished a neutrophilic lung inflammation induced by i.t. LPS treatment of mice. In RAW 264.7 cells, SAM suppressed the nuclear localization of NF-κB and the expression of NF-κB-dependent cytokine genes. SAM increased the level of Nrf2 in the nucleus and the expression of Nrf2-dependent genes while suppressing ubiquitination of Nrf2. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that SAM can suppress a neutrophilic inflammation in mouse lungs, which is associated with suppressed NF-κB and activated Nrf2. Our results provide experimental evidence supporting the anti-inflammatory function of S. acmella.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Although Spilanthes acmella has been used to relieve inflammation, fever, pain, or infection in traditional Asian medicine, experimental evidence supporting these functions is scarce. Here, we examined an anti-inflammatory function and a possible underlying mechanism of S. acmella Murray (SAM). MATERIALS AND METHOD: The methanol extract of SAM was fingerprinted by HPLC. C57BL/6 mice were administered with a single intratracheal (i.t.) LPS and 2 h later with a single i.t. SAM. The effect of SAM on lung inflammation was assessed by histology, semi-quantitative RT-PCR, and MPO assay of lung tissue. The effects of SAM on a pro-inflammatory factor NF-κB and an anti-inflammatory factor Nrf2 were analyzed by immunoblotting of nuclear proteins and by semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis of mRNA of the genes governed by these transcription factors. V5-Nrf2 was precipitated by an anti-V5 antibody and the ubiquitinated V5-Nrf2 was revealed by immunoblotting of HA-tagged ubiquitin. RESULTS: The i.t. SAM robustly diminished a neutrophilic lung inflammation induced by i.t. LPS treatment of mice. In RAW 264.7 cells, SAM suppressed the nuclear localization of NF-κB and the expression of NF-κB-dependent cytokine genes. SAM increased the level of Nrf2 in the nucleus and the expression of Nrf2-dependent genes while suppressing ubiquitination of Nrf2. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that SAM can suppress a neutrophilic inflammation in mouse lungs, which is associated with suppressed NF-κB and activated Nrf2. Our results provide experimental evidence supporting the anti-inflammatory function of S. acmella.
Authors: Rohanizah Abdul Rahim; Putri Ayu Jayusman; Norliza Muhammad; Norazlina Mohamed; Vuanghao Lim; Nor Hazwani Ahmad; Sharlina Mohamad; Zuratul Ain Abdul Hamid; Fairus Ahmad; Norfilza Mokhtar; Ahmad Nazrun Shuid; Isa Naina Mohamed Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2021-03-29 Impact factor: 3.390