Elina Puolakka1, Katja Pahkala2, Tomi T Laitinen2, Costan G Magnussen3, Nina Hutri-Kähönen4, Satu Männistö5, Kristiina S Pälve6, Tuija Tammelin7, Päivi Tossavainen8, Eero Jokinen9, Kylie J Smith10, Tomi Laitinen11, Marko Elovainio12, Laura Pulkki-Råback13, Jorma S A Viikari14, Olli T Raitakari15, Markus Juonala16. 1. Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. Electronic address: elina.a.puolakka@utu.fi. 2. Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Paavo Nurmi Centre, Sports & Exercise Medicine Unit, Department of Physical Activity and Health, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. 3. Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia. 4. Department of Pediatrics, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland. 5. Department of Public Health Solutions, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland. 6. Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland. 7. LIKES - Research Center for Sport and Health Sciences, Jyväskylä, Finland. 8. Department of Pediatrics, PEDEGO Research Unit and Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. 9. Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. 10. Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia. 11. Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital and University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. 12. Unit of Personality, Work and Health, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. 13. Unit of Personality, Work and Health, Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. 14. Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland. 15. Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland. 16. Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Differences in health behaviors partly explain the socioeconomic gap in cardiovascular health. We prospectively examined the association between childhood socioeconomic status (SES) and lifestyle factors in adulthood, and the difference of lifestyle factors according to childhood SES in multiple time points from childhood to adulthood. METHODS AND RESULTS: The sample comprised 3453 participants aged 3-18 years at baseline (1980) from the longitudinal Young Finns Study. The participants were followed up for 31 years (N = 1675-1930). SES in childhood was characterized as reported annual family income and classified on an 8-point scale. Diet, smoking, alcohol intake and physical activity were used as adult and life course lifestyle factors. Higher childhood SES predicted a healthier diet in adulthood in terms of lower consumption of meat (β ± SE -3.6 ± 0.99,p < 0.001), higher consumption of fish (1.1 ± 0.5, p = 0.04) and higher diet score (0.14 ± 0.044, p = 0.01). Childhood SES was also directly associated with physical activity index (0.059 ± 0.023, p = 0.009) and inversely with the risk of being a smoker (RR 0.90 95%CI 0.85-0.95, p < 0.001) and the amount of pack years (-0.47 ± 0.18, p = 0.01). Life course level of smoking was significantly higher and physical activity index lower among those below the median childhood SES when compared with those above the median SES. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that childhood SES associates with several lifestyle factors 31 years later in adulthood. Therefore, attention could be paid to lifestyle behaviors of children of low SES families to promote cardiovascular health.
BACKGROUND: Differences in health behaviors partly explain the socioeconomic gap in cardiovascular health. We prospectively examined the association between childhood socioeconomic status (SES) and lifestyle factors in adulthood, and the difference of lifestyle factors according to childhood SES in multiple time points from childhood to adulthood. METHODS AND RESULTS: The sample comprised 3453 participants aged 3-18 years at baseline (1980) from the longitudinal Young Finns Study. The participants were followed up for 31 years (N = 1675-1930). SES in childhood was characterized as reported annual family income and classified on an 8-point scale. Diet, smoking, alcohol intake and physical activity were used as adult and life course lifestyle factors. Higher childhood SES predicted a healthier diet in adulthood in terms of lower consumption of meat (β ± SE -3.6 ± 0.99,p < 0.001), higher consumption of fish (1.1 ± 0.5, p = 0.04) and higher diet score (0.14 ± 0.044, p = 0.01). Childhood SES was also directly associated with physical activity index (0.059 ± 0.023, p = 0.009) and inversely with the risk of being a smoker (RR 0.90 95%CI 0.85-0.95, p < 0.001) and the amount of pack years (-0.47 ± 0.18, p = 0.01). Life course level of smoking was significantly higher and physical activity index lower among those below the median childhood SES when compared with those above the median SES. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that childhood SES associates with several lifestyle factors 31 years later in adulthood. Therefore, attention could be paid to lifestyle behaviors of children of low SES families to promote cardiovascular health.
Authors: Anne-Josée Guimond; Emily S Zevon; Reginald D Tucker-Seeley; Edward L Giovannucci; Claudia Trudel-Fitzgerald; Laura D Kubzansky Journal: Prev Med Date: 2022-05-26 Impact factor: 4.637
Authors: Pirkko J Pussinen; Susanna Paju; Jaana Koponen; Jorma S A Viikari; Leena Taittonen; Tomi Laitinen; David P Burgner; Mika Kähönen; Nina Hutri-Kähönen; Olli T Raitakari; Markus Juonala Journal: JAMA Netw Open Date: 2019-04-05
Authors: Ana M Puga; Alejandra Carretero-Krug; Ana M Montero-Bravo; Gregorio Varela-Moreiras; Teresa Partearroyo Journal: Nutrients Date: 2020-09-02 Impact factor: 5.717
Authors: Minke R C van Minde; Marlou L A de Kroon; Meertien K Sijpkens; Hein Raat; Eric A P Steegers; Loes C M Bertens Journal: Int J Environ Res Public Health Date: 2021-12-01 Impact factor: 3.390
Authors: Liisa M Valsta; Heli Tapanainen; Teea Kortetmäki; Laura Sares-Jäske; Laura Paalanen; Niina E Kaartinen; Peppi Haario; Minna Kaljonen Journal: Nutrients Date: 2022-03-23 Impact factor: 5.717
Authors: Aino Salonsalmi; Olli Pietiläinen; Eero Lahelma; Ossi Rahkonen; Tea Lallukka Journal: Scand J Public Health Date: 2021-01-18 Impact factor: 3.199