Mohammad H Alasagheirin1, Mary K Clark2. 1. College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Eau Claire, Eau Claire, WI, USA. 2. College of Nursing, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Children of immigrants and refugees from developing countries are at risk for poor growth that could contribute to adult chronic disease. This study describes the physical growth, bone growth, body composition, metabolic risks, physical activity, and food security of Sudanese children living in the United States. DESIGN AND SAMPLE: Cross-sectional descriptive study of 64 Sudanese children age 5-18. MEASURES: Bone mineral content (BMC), bone density (aBMD), and body composition (fat, lean mass, percent body fat) were measured using DXA. Lipids, insulin, glucose, and hs-CRP were analyzed using standardized laboratory methods. Food security was assessed with the U.S. Household Food Security Survey. Physical activity was measured through self-report questionnaire and pedometers. RESULTS: About 1/3 of children had low BMC and aBMD. Lean mass was low in 46%, and 32% were obese. Cholesterol, triglycerides, and HOMA-IR were elevated in 23.4%, 32.8%, and 15.6% of children, respectively; only 22% of children were physically active and 40% experienced food insecurity. CONCLUSION: Sudanese children may have unique risks related to low bone mass low muscle mass, high percent body fat metabolic biomarkers, inactivity, and food insecurity potentially contributing to adult osteoporosis, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.
OBJECTIVES:Children of immigrants and refugees from developing countries are at risk for poor growth that could contribute to adult chronic disease. This study describes the physical growth, bone growth, body composition, metabolic risks, physical activity, and food security of Sudanese children living in the United States. DESIGN AND SAMPLE: Cross-sectional descriptive study of 64 Sudanese children age 5-18. MEASURES: Bone mineral content (BMC), bone density (aBMD), and body composition (fat, lean mass, percent body fat) were measured using DXA. Lipids, insulin, glucose, and hs-CRP were analyzed using standardized laboratory methods. Food security was assessed with the U.S. Household Food Security Survey. Physical activity was measured through self-report questionnaire and pedometers. RESULTS: About 1/3 of children had low BMC and aBMD. Lean mass was low in 46%, and 32% were obese. Cholesterol, triglycerides, and HOMA-IR were elevated in 23.4%, 32.8%, and 15.6% of children, respectively; only 22% of children were physically active and 40% experienced food insecurity. CONCLUSION: Sudanese children may have unique risks related to low bone mass low muscle mass, high percent body fat metabolic biomarkers, inactivity, and food insecurity potentially contributing to adult osteoporosis, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.
Authors: Amanda Gabster; Monica Jhangimal; Jennifer Toller Erausquin; José Antonio Suárez; Justo Pinzón-Espinosa; Madeline Baird; Jennifer Katz; Davis Beltran-Henríquez; Gonzalo Cabezas-Talavero; Andrés F Henao-Martínez; Carlos Franco-Paredes; Nelson I Agudelo-Higuita; Mónica Pachar; José Anel González; Fátima Rodriguez; Juan Miguel Pascale Journal: Ther Adv Infect Dis Date: 2021-12-15
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