Taryn Davidson1, Baruch Vainshelboim2, Peter Kokkinos3, Jonathan Myers2, Robert Ross4. 1. School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. 2. Cardiology Division, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA; Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA. 3. Cardiology Department, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC; Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC. 4. School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. Electronic address: rossr@queensu.ca.
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Although both cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and physical activity (PA) are associated with mortality, whether they are associated with all-cause mortality independent of each other is unclear. METHODS: CRF was assessed by a maximal exercise test and PA was measured by self-report in 8,171 male veterans. The predictive power of CRF and PA, along with clinical variables, was assessed for all-cause mortality during a mean (±SD) follow-up 8.7 (4.4) years during which there were 1,349 deaths. RESULTS: CRF was associated with mortality after adjusting for clinical variables and remained a strong predictor of mortality after further adjusting for PA (hazard ratio 0.85, 95% CI 0.83-0.87). PA was a significant predictor of mortality after controlling for clinical variables; however, the association was eliminated after further adjusting for CRF (hazard ratio 0.98, 95% CI 0.88-1.10). In CRF-stratified analysis, being active (≥150 min/wk) was not associated with mortality within the unfit or fit categories (P>.4). However, in PA-stratified analysis, subjects categorized as fit (≥7 metabolic equivalents [METS]) had a lower risk of mortality regardless of PA status (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: In adult men, PA was associated with mortality independent of established risk factors, but not CRF. Conversely, CRF remained a strong predictor of mortality independent of PA status and established risk factors. Crown
BACKGROUND: Although both cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and physical activity (PA) are associated with mortality, whether they are associated with all-cause mortality independent of each other is unclear. METHODS: CRF was assessed by a maximal exercise test and PA was measured by self-report in 8,171 male veterans. The predictive power of CRF and PA, along with clinical variables, was assessed for all-cause mortality during a mean (±SD) follow-up 8.7 (4.4) years during which there were 1,349 deaths. RESULTS: CRF was associated with mortality after adjusting for clinical variables and remained a strong predictor of mortality after further adjusting for PA (hazard ratio 0.85, 95% CI 0.83-0.87). PA was a significant predictor of mortality after controlling for clinical variables; however, the association was eliminated after further adjusting for CRF (hazard ratio 0.98, 95% CI 0.88-1.10). In CRF-stratified analysis, being active (≥150 min/wk) was not associated with mortality within the unfit or fit categories (P>.4). However, in PA-stratified analysis, subjects categorized as fit (≥7 metabolic equivalents [METS]) had a lower risk of mortality regardless of PA status (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: In adult men, PA was associated with mortality independent of established risk factors, but not CRF. Conversely, CRF remained a strong predictor of mortality independent of PA status and established risk factors. Crown
Authors: Johannes Zeiher; Katherine J Ombrellaro; Nita Perumal; Thomas Keil; Gert B M Mensink; Jonas D Finger Journal: Sports Med Open Date: 2019-09-03